-
-
- Sometimes it begins after watching The Color of Money or The Hustler. Other times it begins during a visit to a local bar or a friend's house with a pool table. Of course, it doesn't really matter how you developed the desire to play pool. What matters is the game of pool. You want to know how to play, but don't know where to start.
Learning the fundamentals of pool, such as how to grip a cue stick, how to stand and the proper stroke, are essential if you want to be come a good pool player. This guide will take you through the basics of how to play pool. -
Categories
-
-
-
-
-
Step 1: Learn the Terminology
- Although it is not required for you to know the proper pool terms, it will go a long way to making you look like you know what you're doing. If you walk up to the table and announce you're going to hit the white ball with your pool rod, everyone will know you've never played pool before.
Equipment
- Cue: Also called a cue stick. The long, tapered rod, usually wooden, that is used to strike the ball in pool.
- Butt: The larger end of the cue opposite the cue tip.
- Cue Tip: The piece of material attached to the shaft end of the cue stick.
- Balance Point: The spot on a cue where it remains level if held by one support. This is usually 18 inches from the butt end of the cue.Billiard World Web Magazine: Glossary of Billiard Terms
- Joint: The spot midway on a two-piece cue stick that allows it to be broken down into two separate pieces.
- Shaft: The thinner part of a cue where the cue tip is attached.
- Ferrule: The piece of material at the end of the cue shaft where the cue tip is attached. It is usually plastic, horn or metal.Billiard World Web Magazine: Glossary of Billiard Terms
- Pool table: A billiard table with six pockets.
- Bed: The flat playing surface of the table.
- Cushion: The cloth-covered rubber which forms the outer perimeter of the playing surface. The slanted part of the cushion that is cut at an angle is known as the jaw.
- Rails: The edges of the table, which are not covered by cloth, which attach to the cushions.Billiard World Web Magazine: Glossary of Billiard Terms The short rails at the ends of the table are known as the head and foot rails. The long rails are known as the right and left rails, determined when one stands at the head end of the table and faces toward the foot.
- Diamonds: The markings or inlays (which are not always diamond shape) on the rails that are used as reference or target points.TheCueStick.com: Glossary Of Equipment Terms
- Head of table: The end of the table, usually marked with the manufacturer's nameplate, from which the opening break is performed.Billiard World Web Magazine: Glossary of Billiard Terms If you draw imaginary lines between the center diamonds on the short rails and the second diamonds of the long rail (at the head of the table) you will find the head spot.
- Foot of table: The end of the table where balls are racked or positioned at the start of a game.Billiard World Web Magazine: Glossary of Billiard Terms If you draw imaginary lines between the center diamonds on the short rails and the second diamonds of the long rail (at the foot of the table) you will find the foot spot.
- Cue ball: The solid white ball. It is the only ball you can hit with your cue during a game.
- Chalk: A dry substance that is applied to the tip to help prevent slipping between the cue tip and the cue ball.
- Mechanical bridge: Also known as a crutch, bridge stick or rake. It is a grooved device mounted on a long wooden handle that is used to support the striking end of the cue when it is impossible for the hand to do so.
- Rack: A wooden or plastic triangle used to gather the balls into formation.
- Expert Village: Billiards Terminology
Basic Parts of a Game
- Bridge: The arch formed by the hand that holds and guides the striking end of the cue during play.
- Break: The very first hit of a new game.
- Frozen: When a ball is touching the wall or another ball.
- Kiss: When two or more balls make contact.Billiard World Web Magazine: Glossary of Billiard Terms
- Miscue: A stroke where the cue's tip slips off the cue ball, usually resulting in a bungled shot.MNBilliards.com: Glossary of Pool Terms
- Object ball: The first ball that a cue ball hits.
- Pocketing or sinking a ball: Getting a ball into a pocket.
- Scratch: When the cue ball gets hit into a pocket, is hit off off the table or fails to hit any balls.
- Shot: A shot begins when the tip of the cue touches the cue ball and ends when all balls stop rolling. There are various types of shots, but some of the basic ones include:
- Angle shot: A shot that requires the cue ball to drive the object ball in any other direction other than straight.Billiard World Web Magazine: Glossary of Billiard Terms Also known as a cut shot.
- Bank shot: When you hit a ball off the side of the pool table.
- Jump shot: When the cue ball or object ball is caused to rise off the bed of the the table.
- Combination shot: When the cue ball hits an object ball, which then deliberately hits a second ball. This is can also be called a carom.MNBilliards.com: Glossary of Pool Terms
- Stroke: The movement of the cue as a shot is executed.
More Terminology
- For an explanation of more pool terms, check out any of the following links:
- TheCueStick.com: Glossary Of Equipment Terms
- Billiard World Web Magazine: Glossary of Billiard Terms
- MNBilliards.com: Glossary of Pool Terms
- Sportsmania: Pool and Billiards Terminology
- About.com: Understanding Pool Slang
- The Illustrated Principles of Pool and Billiards: Glossary
Step 2: Choose a Cue Stick
- The most important thing that you will do before playing pool is select a cue stick. Selecting the right cue stick can make a good deal of difference in how you play, so take the time to select the right one.
- Check that the cue stick is straight. You can determine if the cue is straight by laying it across the table and rolling it quickly with your fingers. If the cue tip rolls unevenly or wobbles, don't choose it because it is warped.Border Billiards: Pool Cue Maintenance Guide If the shaft of your cue is not straight, it could ruin your shot.Expert Village: How to Test a Cue Stick in Pool
- Check the tip of the cue; it should be curved and rough.
- Choose a cue stick that feels right to you.
- The standard weight of a pool cue is between 17 to 21 ounces.TheCueStick.com: Pool & Does Cue Weight Matter? The weight is written on the butt of the cue.Expert Village: How to Pick a Cue Stick in Pool
- Balance point is part of the cue that can change how it feels. The balance point is the spot where the cue stays parallel to the floor when it is balanced on two fingers. Sometimes the balance point is closer to the tip, while other times it is closer to the butt.TheCueStick.com: Pool & Does Cue Weight Matter? Since the balance point is where you will want to grip your cue, you should check to see if you can maintain the proper stance with the cue.
- Expert Village: How to Choose & Use a Pool Cue
Chalking the Pool Cue Stick
- You may have noticed a little blue cube sitting on or near the pool table. This is the chalk. The chalk is used to improve friction between the cue and the ball, which will give you a better shot.Expert Village: How to Chalk a Billiard Cue To apply the chalk correctly, gently brush the chalk onto the tip until an even layer of chalk is on the tip.Billiards Digest: Cue Maintenance
- Do not chalk from side to side or spin the tip into the chalk.Billiards Digest: Cue Maintenance
- Try to keep the ferrule from touching the chalk.Border Billiards: Pool Cue Maintenance Guide
- Chalk your cue before every shot.Expert Village: Using Cue Chalk in the Game of Pool
- Never blow on the tip or tap the tip on the table to remove excess chalk.
- YouTube: Dr. Cue - Lesson 1: Chalking Up (Time: 2:03)
Step 3: The Proper Stance
- Your stance is very important when making your shot. In essence, your body will form a tripod between your feet and your bridge hand on the table.TheCueStick.com: Pool & Billiard Fundamentals
- Your feet should be shoulder-width apart.MNBilliards.com: Do You Want to Learn How to Play Pool? or Just Continue to Hit the Balls?
- If you are right-handed, move your left foot forward. If you are left-handed, move your right foot forward.
- Relax your leg muscles and bend your knees lightly.TheCueStick.com: Pool & Billiard Fundamentals
- Line your chin up with the aim of the cue ball and center it over the cue.MNBilliards.com: Do You Want to Learn How to Play Pool? or Just Continue to Hit the Balls?
- Your stroking or calling arm (the one that is moving the cue) should be bent at the elbow and should not hit your body.TheCueStick.com: Pool & Billiard Fundamentals The upper part of the arm should be at a 90-degree angle to the cue.The Illustrated Principles of Pool and Billiards: Stance
- Your bridge or leaning arm should be slightly bent.MNBilliards.com: Do You Want to Learn How to Play Pool? or Just Continue to Hit the Balls?
- You should be able to stay in this stance without putting your bridge hand on the table.MNBilliards.com: Do You Want to Learn How to Play Pool? or Just Continue to Hit the Balls?
- You can check your balance by asking someone to nudge you while you are in this stance.TheCueStick.com: Pool & Billiard Fundamentals Your body should not be easy to move without having your knees locked.
- Expert Village: Hand & Body Position Part 1
Step 4: The Way to Grip a Cue Stick
- The grip is how you clasp the cue stick. While it might seem like a small thing, it is vital to playing a good game of pool. Your grip should be comfortable and relaxed throughout your shot.Denton County Pool League: Proper Grip Your hand is there to guide the cue, not to apply force to the ball—that's the cue's job.Inside Pool Magazine: A Gripping Effect (August 14, 2007)
- Form your grip with your dominant hand.
- Many players grip the cue too far up or down the butt of the cue. You need to grip the cue at the balance point.TheCueStick.com: Pool & Billiard Fundamentals
- Rest the cue on the inside of your index and middle fingers between the first and second knuckles.TheCueStick.com: Pool & Billiard Fundamentals Your fingers should be relaxed and not clenched. The other two fingers are placed under the cue for stability, but do not actually grip the cue. Your thumb should be resting against the tip of your index finger.About.com: The Classic Pool Grip
- Your palm should be above the cue, but not touching it.About.com: The Classic Pool Grip
- One of the most common mistakes beginning and intermediate pool players make is that they grip their pool cue too tightly.About.com: The Classic Pool Grip A grip that is too tight or loose grip can change your aim and ruin your shot.TheCueStick.com: Pool & Billiard Fundamentals
- YouTube: Dr. Cue - Lesson 5: The Grip (Time: 1:47)
Step 5: How to Bridge
- The bridge is the formation of the hand that guides the cue stick. It is designed to securely position your cue stick in order to minimize any movement from side to side.Denton County Pool League: The Bridge Your bridge should be placed about four inches from the cue ball.Expert Village: How to Stroke a Pool Cue There are two major types of bridges, open and closed. You form the bridge with your non-dominant hand.
- An open bridge is one where the cue is resting on the hand.
- Open bridges are often used by newer players because it is the easiest type to adapt.Denton County Pool League: The Bridge Pool Pro Plus: Hand Positioning
- Using it provides an clear view of the length of the stick, which helps when aiming and establishing stroke direction.The Illustrated Principles of Pool and Billiards: FAQs: Bridge Pool Pro Plus: Hand Positioning
- It is very stable and will keep the stick centered during the stroke.The Illustrated Principles of Pool and Billiards: FAQs: Bridge
- It is particularly useful for soft shots and follow shots and offers better sighting on long shots.Denton County Pool League: The Bridge TheCueStick.com: Pool & Billiard Fundamentals
- To see some of the different types of open bridges, check out any of the following videos:
- Expert Village: How to Play Pool with an Open Bridge
- Expert Village: Billiards Stroke Bridges
- YouTube: Dr. Cue - Lesson 3: The "Open, Tower, or V Bridge (Time: 1:51)
- Expert Village: Various Bridges on the Game of Pool
- A closed bridge is one where one or more of the fingers are wrapped around the cue.
- A closed bridge offers you more control over your cue stick and eliminates unnecessary sideways movements of your cue stick.TheCueStick.com: Pool & Billiard Fundamentals Denton County Pool League: The Bridge
- It offers increased accuracy and is better for power shots.Pool Pro Plus: Hand Positioning Denton County Pool League: The Bridge
- It is harder to adapt and requires proper head positioning.Pool Pro Plus: Hand Positioning
- To see some of the different types of closed bridges, check out any of the following videos:
- Expert Village: How to Play Pool with a Closed Bridge
- Expert Village: Using a Standard Bridge Hold (closed)
- YouTube: Dr. Cue - Lesson 4: The Closed Bridge
- Expert Village: Setting up a Bridge in the Game of Pool
- At various times during your game you may need to adapt or use a specialized bridge. If, for example, you are required to shot over another ball, you will need to use an elevated bridge. If your ball is resting against the rail, you may need to use a rail bridge. Here are some sources on how to adapt your bridge to these situations:
- Expert Village: How to Play Pool with an Open Bridge on a Rail
- Expert Village: How to Play Pool with a Closed Bridge on a Rail
- Expert Village: Bridge Hold Against the Rail
- Expert Village: How to Bridge Up
- Expert Village: Using an Elevated Bridge Hold
- Brightcove: Billiards Instruction - Bridge Lessons (Time: 4:30)
- Expert Village: How to Make a Pool Cue Bridge
Step 6: Aiming
- Once you have your stance, bridge and grip down, you can start thinking about aiming. While aiming might seem incredibly important, most shots are missed because of improper stroke, stance or grip and not bad aim. Sport2Net: Beginner Pool Lesson No. 5 (February 20, 2008)
- When aiming, it is important that you have your head and chin centered over your cue.TheCueStick.com: Pool & Billiard Fundamentals
- One of the most popular methods of aiming is called the ghost ball method. also known as the "ball behind the ball" method.San Francisco Billiard Academy: Aiming: The Secret of Pool? or Basic Instinct... (July 1995) Here is how it works:
- Draw a straight line from the center of the object ball to where you want it to go.San Francisco Billiard Academy: Aiming: The Secret of Pool? or Basic Instinct... (July 1995) This is called the impact line.The Illustrated Principles of Pool and Billiards: Aiming
- Now, imagine where the cue ball would have to hit the object ball for this to happen. Usually this means that the center of the ghost ball is aligned with the impact line.About.com: Aiming the Cue Ball and the "Ghost Ball"
- Then draw an imaginary line from the center of the cue ball to the center of the ghost ball.About.com: Aiming the Cue Ball and the "Ghost Ball" This is your aiming line.
- When hitting the ball, keep your eyes focused on the object ball and not the cue ball.About.com: A Classic Pool Stroke, Step by Step
- For most shots, you will want to strike the cue ball directly in the center.Expert Village: Tips for Hitting a Cue Ball in Pool
- YouTube: Dr. Cue - Lesson 7: Aiming (Cue Ball Travel Line) (Time: 3:14)
Step 7: The Proper Stroke
- Now that you're in position, you're ready to strike the cue ball. This is considered your stroke. During your stroke, nothing but your lower arm should move, which acts like a pendulum.TheCueStick.com: Pool & Billiard Fundamentals Here are some things to remember during your stroke.
- When in your stance, your forearm should be pointed straight down when your cue is touching the cue ball.The Illustrated Principles of Pool and Billiards: Stroke "Best Practices" Routine This is known as the set position.
- Take a three or four warm-up strokes to ensure that your aim is consistent before taking your shot.The Illustrated Principles of Pool and Billiards: Stroke "Best Practices" Routine
- Keep your back swing slow and don't rush it.Sports2Net: Beginner Pool Lesson No. 4 (February 20, 2008)
- The cue should swing back at the same speed as it swings forward.Pool Pro Plus: Stroke
- You want to push the cue past the ball about 4 to 8 inches, or follow through, rather than stopping prematurely. MNBilliards.com: Do You Want to Learn How to Play Pool? or Just Continue to Hit the Balls?
- Make sure not to drop your elbow or forearm.The Illustrated Principles of Pool and Billiards: Stroke
- Pause after the stroke and don't lift your body out of position until the shot is over.TheCueStick.com: Pool & Billiard Fundamentals Take a moment to check your position.
- You can use the diamonds on the rail to help you practice keeping your cue stroke straight.YouTube: Dr. Cue - Lesson 20: Stroke Practice With Barrier Training! (Time: 2:27)
- YouTube: Master Pool & Billiard Instruction Academy Analysis (Time: 2:13)
Step 8: Understand the Rules of the Game
- Now that you know the fundamentals, you will want to familiarize yourself with the rules of pool. There are a variety of different games. Most official games will follow general rules unless individual game rules specify otherwise. Billiard Congress of America: General Rules of Pocket Billiards For all other games, a few places you can find the rules are listed below.
Eight Ball
- Eight ball is played with seven striped balls, seven solid balls, an eight ball and a cue ball. The object is to sink all seven balls in a group and then the eight ball.TheCueStick.com: Eight Ball (8 Ball) Rules For additional information, check out:
- The Illustrated Principles of Pool and Billiards: 8-Ball and 9-Ball Rules Summary
- Billiard Congress of America: Eight Ball Rules
- Expert Village Video Series: How to Play 8-ball | How To Play Eight-Ball Pool
Nine Ball
- In nine ball, only balls 1-9 (plus the cue ball) are on the table. The object is to shoot at the lowest numbered ball on the table. However, if at any time the nine ball is sunk, you win.About.com: 9-Ball Game Rules & Strategy For additional information, check out:
- TheCueStick.com: Nine Ball (9 Ball) Rules
- The Illustrated Principles of Pool and Billiards: 8-Ball and 9-Ball Rules Summary
- Billiard Congress of America: Nine Ball Rules
- Expert Village Video Series: 9 Ball Pool Game | How to Play & Win 9 Ball Pool
Straight Pool (14.1 Continuous)
- Straight pool, also known as 14.1 Continuous, is played with all 14 balls and the cue ball. Each player calls which ball and pocket they are going to make before taking their shot. For example, "seven ball in the corner pocket." When all balls have been sunk, the player racks the ball and breaks so the game can continue until a specific point goal is reached, usually 120 or 150 points.TheCueStick.com: Straight Pool (14.1 Continuous) Rules For additional information, check out:
- Billiard Congress of America: 14.1 Continuous Pool Rules
- Be Good at Billiards: 14.1 Continuous Rules
One Pocket
- In one pocket, each player or team is assigned one of the two foot rail corner pockets. They can only score by hitting balls in that pocket and must have eight balls in to win.TheCueStick.com: One Pocket For additional information, check out:
- One Pocket.org: Official One Pocket Rules
- MNBilliards.com: Mark on One Pocket
- Billiard Congress of America: One Pocket Rules
Cutthroat (Cut Throat)
- Also known as elimination, cutthroat is played with three players. The balls are divided into three groups (1-5, 6-10 and 11-15). Whomever sinks a ball first choose which group they want. The remaining two groups are decided by whomever is second to sink a ball. The object of the game is to sink your opponents balls before yours are gone.Be Good at Billiards: Cut Throat Rules For more information, check out:
- Pool Halls Directory: Cutthroat Pool
- Generation Pool: Cut-throat Pool and Billiards Rules
- Expert Village: How to Play Cutthroat Pool | What Happens When you Scratch in Cutthroat Pool
Other Games
- A number of other pool games are also played in various homes and pool halls. For more information on these games, check out any of the following sites:
- About.com: Learn the Subtleties of Great Pool Games
- Be Good at Billiards: Billiard Rules
- Billiard Congress of America: Pocket Billiards Rules and Specifications
Some Popular Pool Games Conclusion
- Now that you know the basics of the game, you can move forward and learn about how to create different types of shots, perhaps even trick shots. Remember, that the best thing you can do to improve your game is practice.AZBilliards.com: Shut up and Practice! The more you play, the better you will become.
