The Great Depression

Categories: US History | Social Science
    • Black Tuesday: October 29, 1929
    • Began in 1929 and lasted until 1939
    • One of the greatest economic disasters in history
    • 16 million labor workers were unemployed
    • Economic production declined nearly 50%
    • Stocks dropped to 20% of their value
    • The board game Monopoly was created during this time
  • The Great Depression was the worst economic disaster in United States history, and had worldwide effects. It began with the U.S. stock market crash of 1929 and continued for more than 10 years.

    The economy during the 1930s did not collapse immediately after the stock market crash of Black Tuesday, as is frequently assumed. The stock market continued to fluctuate in the months after October 1929, but falling commodity prices and higher unemployment caused a nationwide distrust in the economy. The economies of most western nations were in serious decline by 1931.

  • Instigation and Ramifications

    1930 saw a sharp decline in international trade because of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff. American exports declined by over $3 billion in just four years and farmers could no longer make good on their loans, causing mass debt.

    Many American neighborhoods became shanty towns, known as Hoovervilles. Around the world, economic hardships helped lead to the rise of fascism in Europe and Latin America.

  • The New Deal and World War II

    President Franklin D. Roosevelt enacted a series of initiatives in the mid-1930s intended to aid the United States economy. There is widespread debate about the usefulness of these programs in instigating recovery, though many policies affected U.S. History for decades to come, including the Works Progress Administration and social security.

    In 1939, the U.S. engaged in heavily increased military spending and production to help stop the spread of fascism. World War II is heavily cited as the event that sparked a full economic recovery.

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