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The issues addressed by the discipline of philosophy involve principles of logic, explanations of how and why things exist and questions about how one should live. The three branches of study in philosophy include axiology (the study of value - ethics and esthetics), epistemiology (the study of knowledge), and and metaphysics (what is real). http://philosophy.lander.edu/intro/what.shtml Pre-Socratic philosophy was metaphysical in nature. http://www.pbs.org/faithandreason/gengloss/metaph-body.html Philosophy extends to other areas of academics as well, including history, mathematics, education, science and religion. Essential differences in early Western versus Eastern philosophical approaches are discussed below.
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Fast Facts
- Word origin: Ancient Greek
- Translation: "love of wisdom"the web of belief: The Meaning of Philosophy
- Early notable philosopher: Confucius
- First appearance in Greece: Theogony, a poem written by Hesiod around 725 BC http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/GREECE/PRES...
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Origins of Western Philosophy
Western philosophy is said to have originated in Athens, in Ancient Greece. Although there were philosophers before him (e.g. Heraclitus, and Parmenides), it is the work of Socrates that is viewed as laying the foundation for subsequent western philosophical thought.Philosophy Pages: Socrates His work on topics such as beauty, truth, wisdom, courage and justice were documented by his student, Plato, as he wrote nothing down.Washington State University: Socrates -
Eastern Philosophy
Eastern Philosophy is generally thought of as originating in China or India. Confucius, and the Taoist, Chuang Tse were among the first eastern philosophers.Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Confucius The Hindu, Buddhist, and Taoist philosophical traditions predate Socrates by over 200 years.Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Hindu Philosophy -
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Eastern vs. Western Philosophy Generalizations
- In early Western philosophical thought, God was deemed as creator and King of all that is, and he made the laws of the natural world such as gravity. In Eastern philosophy the universe simply 'is,' humans can derive and organize thoughts about their perceptions, but that is not the underlying basis of observed phenomena.
- In Eastern philosophy, symbolic thinking moves one further away from a direct understanding of reality. The Western approach of applying either logic or dogma is its basis for a deeper investigation of reality.
- In Western philosophy, verbal or mathematical models of reality are a reflection of truth, whereas in Eastern philosophy verbal models are evaluated on the basis of their effectiveness to reflect reality rather than their inherent truth. http://www.psych.utah.edu/gordon/Classes/Psy4905Docs/PsychHistory/Cards/Eastern.html
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What is Philosophy?
An excellent introduction to philosophy - a discussion what it entails and why study of it is important. It addresses some central problems and philosophical methodology. University professors and students are interviewed about their views on the benefits and reasons for its study. -
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Wikipedia: Philosophy
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Dartmouth College: What is Philosophy?
dartmouth.edu -
Florida State University: What is Philosophy?
fsu.edu -
University of Rhode Island: The Value of Philosophy
uri.edu -
The Atlas Society: What is Philosophy?
objectivistcenter.org -
YouTube Video: Introduction to Philosophy (Time: 6:14)
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Spaceandmotion.com: Philosophy
spaceandmotion.com
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Wikipedia: Philosophy
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Eastern vs. Western Philosophy Monologue
The speaker make connections between Western philosophy and Eastern thought, using references to the works of Heidegger, Rorty, Wittgenstein and others. An interesting comparison contained within the video is that Eastern language symbolism is more embodied and symbolic of gestures and natural things, while Western language is more photographic and concept oriented in nature. -
Philosophy on Twitter Powered by Twitter
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@stu623 I can't say your opinion is wrong. It's a valid argument. I simply disagree. That's why multiple voters is a good philosophy.
@wesrucker | November 08, 2009 11:14 PM -
WOOHOO! B on the Philosophy Paper <3 anyone know what the latest mass time is at LMU? gonna be over marina tonight...
@ida_marieee | November 08, 2009 11:08 PM
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Philosophy on Amazon | View All
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The Problems of Philosophy - $9.95
Bertrand Russell, a Welsh atheist, wore many hats including philosopher, historical, logician, mathematician, and social reformist. In 1950 he won a Nobel Prize in literature for his humanitarianism and freedom of thought. In this book Russ...
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The Elements of Moral Philosophy
Firmly established as the standard text for undergraduate courses in ethics, this concise, lively book takes the reader on an in-depth tour of the major moral theories, always illustrating abstract ideas with concrete examples. Separate, se...
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Questions and Answers About Philosophy | View All | Ask a Question
View All Philosophy Questions (40) | Ask a QuestionWhat are the similarities and differences between Muslem and Shikh philosophy? (1 Answer)Both religions do not worship idols. Both cultures, the women cover their head. read moreAnybody know why guys get philosophical when they drink? (2 Answers)I believe many guys get philosophical when they drink because they feel that they can say anything and get away with it. If they are drunk, they can blame the ... read moreDo you see truth as reflected by models of reality or do you see reality as not reducible to a model? (1 Answer)The bible tells us that there is nothing new under the sun. Life has taught us that history repeats itself. If either or both of those are based on fact ... read moreDo you live in the now, past or for the future? Do you think that these philosophies define who you are? (3 Answers)I think that before puberty you tend to live in the past because the past is so close to the now that it is the only info that you have.Between ... read more
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