North Pole

The North Pole, also known as the terrestrial North Pole, or true north, is the northern-most place on the earth. Its location is at 90 degrees North latitude and all lines of longitude converge at this point. The earths axis connects the two poles, north and south, and it rotates based on that imaginary line. If you are standing on the North Pole, East and West have no bearing, and you are at the northern most point, therefore are directions are South of you.http://geography.about.com/od/learnabouttheearth/a/northpole_2.htm

The North Pole is situated 450 miles north of Greenland in the middle of the Arctic Ocean. There is no land at the North Pole. It is mostly covered by sea ice, though recently there has been evidence to suggest that the ice may be thinning and that there are some areas of open water. This is most likely due to the wind shifting the ice.National Oceanic and Arctic Administration: Arctic Themes

American explorer Robert E Peary was the first person to reach the North Pole along with a team of four Eskimos on April 6, 1909. Peary and his team made their journey by dog sled. Just a month later, Floyd Bennett and Richard Byrd made it by airplane.http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/11/1108_041108_north_pole_2.html

The coldest temperature ever measured at the North Pole was -68C. Salt water freezes at just -1.8C.http://www.thepoles.com/expguide/weathernp.htm

As science would have it, not including the "Santa Claus" North Pole, there is in fact a second North Pole. The North magnetic Pole is what all compasses currently point towards, and lies approximately 100 miles south of the geographical north pole. This North Pole shifts anywhere between 6 to 25 miles each year as the the Earth's magnetic field is affected by underground molten metals and charged particles from the Sun. Because of the regular shifting, some scientists believe that the earth's magnetic field is reversing entirely, which eventually would cause all compasses to point south instead of north.http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/11/1108_041108_north_pole.html The magnetic pole was first determined in 1831, several hundred miles from where it currently stands now.http://geography.about.com/od/learnabouttheearth/a/northpole_2.htm