Janjaweed are a partisan militia group allegedly enlisted by the Sudanese Government to fight rebels in Darfur. The Janjaweed are a modern incarnation of the Murahilin, or "high nomad" militia, which had been operating in Sudan for many years prior. Since February, 2003, they have conducted a "scorched earth" campaign, targeting civilian villages throughout western Sudan. In 2007, the United States declared the Janjaweed campaign an act of genocide, because it has pitted nomadic Arab militia fighters against predominantly non-Arab, sedentary farmers.
Janjaweed Background and Articles
Janjaweed Criticism
Real Clear Politics: Janjaweed Peace (August 9, 2007)
Sudan Tribune: Janjaweed Defector Confesses Sudan's Atrocities in Darfur (October 19, 2006)
Slate: The Art of War: Children's Drawings Illustrate Darfur Atrocities (July 14, 2005)
WARNING: Pop-ups UN News Center: Sudan has Carried out Massive Human Rights Violations in Darfur (May 7, 2004)
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References
Fast Facts
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Served as a "freelance tribal militia" before becoming involved in the Sudan War, according to PBSPBS News: Sudan's Janjaweed Militia (April 7, 2006)
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Leader
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It is believed that Janjaweed is partially controlled by the Sudanese governmentPBS News: Sudan's Janjaweed Militia (April 7, 2006)
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Hilal has himself said that the government controls JanjaweedPBS News: Sudan's Janjaweed Militia (April 7, 2006)
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Tactics
Engaged in a "scorched earth" campaign in Darfur
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The name is a combination of Arab terms for outlaws, gun and horsePBS News: Sudan's Janjaweed Militia (April 7, 2006)
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The Janjaweed have also been active in the Chad War and have been a point of conflict between the governments of Idriss Deby and Omar al-Bashir
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Sudan's president, Omar al-Bashir, was charged with 10 counts of war crimes, including genocide, on July 14, 2008 by the International Criminal Court
