Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM) is a Kashmiri separatist group founded by suspected terrorist leader Maulana Masood Azhar in 2000. The group was found by the Indian government to be responsible for the 2001 attack on the Indian Parliament, and is suspected in the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks.

In 2000, Azhar was released from an Indian prison in return for the safety of 155 passengers aboard a hijacked Indian Airlines jet. Afterwards, Azhar founded Jaish-e-Mohammed and later that year, the group was blamed for an attack on the Indian Parliament that killed 18. Azhar was placed under house arrest in 2001, but was released the following year. Indian authorities believe that Azhar and Jaish-e-Mohammed are partially responsible for the Mumbai terrorist attacks of November 2008.