For a car to be considered a hybrid, it must use two or more distinct power sources. The majority of hybrids combine internal combustion engines with an electric motor.
Hybrid Power Sources
Rechargeable energy storage systems (RESS)- Compressed air
- Coal
- Electricity
- Compressed natural gas
- Liquefied natural gas
- Hydrogen
- Liquid nitrogen
- Petrol fuel
- Diesel fuel
- Waste heat from internal combustion
Hybrid Electric Vehicles and PHEVs
When discussing hybrid vehicles, most of the time you will be referring to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) which include the AHS2 made by Chevrolet, GMC, Cadillac and Saturn; the Toyota Prius; the Camry hybrid and the Honda Insight.HEVs increase gas mileage and reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
There are also PHEVs, or Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles, which are fuel-electric hybrids that can be connected to power supplies to avoid charging with the on-board internal combustion engine. An example of a PHEV is the Ford Escape hybrid model.c
Fuel Cells
Fuel cell hybrids are electric vehicles equipped with fuel cells, which is an alternative mode of power that uses hydrogen as fuel. An example of a fuel cell hybrid is the Ford Edge Hyseries Drive or the Honda FCX.Hybrid Emissions
One of the major reasons to have a hybrid vehicle is for environmentally-friendly purposes. Hybrids get close to or are lower than the recommended emission levels set by the Environmental Protection Agency. While recommended levels for passenger vehicles are around 5.5 metric tons of carbon dioxide, most hybrid vehicles produce 4.1 metric tons or less.cHybrid Car Timeline
1899: Ferdinand Porche develops the Mixte a series hybrid with a top speed of 31 mph.
- 1906: Belgian engineer Henri Pieper develops the system to recharge a battery using an electric generator run by a gasoline engine.
- 1913: The advent of the self-starter all but wipes out steam and electric-powered vehicles.
1968-1971: Baruch Berman, George H. Gelb and Neal A. Richardson develop a practical hybrid powertrain.
- 1976: U.S. Congress enacts the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration Act.
- 1979: David Arthurs creates a stir when he converts his Opel GT into a hybrid car using only $1,500 worth of
standard components.
- 1989: Audi develops the experimental Audi Duo.
- 1993: The Clinton Adminitration enacts the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles initiative.
- 1997: The Toyota Prius is introduced in Japan.
- 1999: Honda releases the Insight.
- 2001: The Toyota Prius is made available in the United States.
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Fast Facts
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Hybrid Car
A vehicle that has two or more power sources -
Term often used for
HEV, PHEV and flex-fuel cars
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Makers
Toyota, Honda, Ford, Lexus and Nissan -
Flex-fuel
Is a car that uses more then one type of fuel
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First electric car
Invented in the U.S. by William Morrison
