Rattlesnakes are one of four venomous snakes found naturally in the United States. While their bites are serious, they are rarely life threatening if people take the proper steps and seek medical treatment immediately. It is essential that you know what to do and what not to do if you are entering into rattlesnake territory.

1. Gopher snakes will emulate rattlesnakes but are nonvenomous.
2. Always take a snake bite kit with you when hiking or camping.
3. Death from a poisonous snake bite is rare.
4. One in four bites are dry bites, which means no venom was injected.
5. Snakes can still bite for an hour after they are dead.

The content in this page is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please contact your doctor before using the information presented here.

• Many people probably think they know what to do if someone has been bitten by a rattlesnake. Do you? If you answered "cut an X into the bite and suck out the venom" you are not only wrong, but you could be causing more harm than good.

• Rattlesnakes are found in almost every one of the continental states.Encarta: Rattlesnake Bites can occur at the oddest times; just ask Andrew Bacas, who was bitten by a rattlesnake while unpacking his suitcase.USA Today: Rattlesnake stowed away in luggage bites man (March 24, 2008) Or take Christina Ryan, a beauty pageant contestant who was bitten on the way to rehearsal.FOXNews.com: Mrs. Tennessee America Bitten by Rattlesnake, Saved by Mrs. Iowa (August 30, 2007) Before it happens to you or someone you know, learn the proper treatment for rattlesnake bites. By taking the proper actions, you will ensure that the bite victim recovers quickly.

• If you're bitten by a rattlesnake, chances are you're going to know it. However, because it is good to know what can occur after a snakebite, here are some of the major symptoms:

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• Extreme pain at the location of the bite

• Nausea and/or vomiting

• Bleeding

• Difficulty breathing

• Blurred vision

• Numbness

• TinglingCDC Natural Disasters: How to Prevent or Respond to a Snake Bite

• Lightheadedness or dizziness

• Thirst

• Mouth and throat swell

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• Diarrhea

• Eyelid drooping

• Low blood pressure

• Paralysis

• Rapid and/or weak pulse

• Skin color changesMedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Snake bites

• Swelling

• Fatigue and weakness

• Victim may collapse and go into shockABC News: Rattlesnake Bite Victims Showing Extreme Symptoms

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• As you go through the list below of steps to take when bitten by a rattlesnake, you may notice that some tips you might have heard before are absent. The fact is, several things that used to be common practice are no longer done because they can actually cause more harm than good. Therefore, it is good to know a few things you shouldn't do.

1. Do not cut the area. The additional tissue damage increases the diffusion of the toxins in the body and causes excessive bleeding.North Carolina State University: Treating Snake Bites
2. Do not apply ice or pack the bite in ice. Recent studies indicate that application of cold or ice will make the injury worse.Trail Blazer: Rattlesnake!
3. Do not apply a tourniquet. This can cause gangrene and lead to the loss of the limb.College of Canyons: Advice on Rattlesnake Safety; Latest on Snake Bite First-Aid August 22, 2006
4. Do not immerse the wound in water.CDC Natural Disasters: How to Prevent or Respond to a Snake Bite
5. Do not administer alcohol or drugs (including pain medications unless a doctor advises you to do otherwise).MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Snake bites
6. Do not allow the victim to drink caffeinated beverages.CDC Natural Disasters: How to Prevent or Respond to a Snake Bite
7. Do not apply electric shock.College of Canyons: Advice on Rattlesnake Safety; Latest on Snake Bite First-Aid August 22, 2006
8. Do not use your mouth to suck out the venom. (See When Help is Not Readily Available)

• While this should always be the first thing you do, it will be beneficial if you can tell the 911 operator what type of snake caused the bite (see below). However, do not delay calling for help while you look for the snake.

• It's always helpful if you can identify the type of snake that bit you. However, do not endanger yourself while doing so. While you may feel justified in killing the snake, you should remember two things:

1. The snake was acting out of defense not aggression.
2. Snakes can still bite for up to an hour after death. It is a reflex action. In fact, a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that 15 percent of patients treated at a clinic for rattlesnake bites had been bitten by dead snakes—two were even bitten by decapitated snakes.BNET: News of the Wild - Impact Of Humans On Ecology; Bites by Dead Snakes; Birds and Coyotes; Bird Deaths Caused by Communication Towers; Birds and Pesticides (December-January 1999)

• If the snake is in a residential area and you are concerned with people's safety, call and report it to animal control at your earliest opportunity.

• After you have called for emergency assistance, you can do the following while waiting for help to arrive:

1. Stay calm. Keep the victim calm as well.
2. Have the victim lie down. If possible, raise the heart above the bite area.CDC Natural Disasters: How to Prevent or Respond to a Snake Bite
3. Keep the victim as still as possible. The more the bite site is moved the more damage is done as the venom is spread through the body.Trail Blazer: Rattlesnake!
4. Remove any jewelry, shoes, or tight fitting clothing near the bite area.
5. Wash the bite area with soap and water.
6. Apply a cold, wet cloth over the bite.College of Canyons: Advice on Rattlesnake Safety; Latest on Snake Bite First-Aid August 22, 2006 Do not apply ice.
7. Keep the victim warm.North Carolina State University: Treating Snake Bites
8. Monitor vital signs and watch for signs of shock.University of Maryland Medical Center: First Aid: Snake Bites

• If help is more than 30 minutes away additional steps may need to be taken. These steps include:

1. Immobilize the extremity with a splint or similar device.
2. Using a scarf or belt, apply a constricting band about two inches above the bite. Band should be between the bite and the heart. This will lymphatic flow, not blood.North Carolina State University: Treating Snake Bites Here are a few guidelines when applying this procedure:
   1. You should be able to slip one finger between the skin and the band.
   2. You should be able to feel a pulse in the limb below the band.
   3. Loosen the band for a minute every 15 to 20 minutes.
   4. Readjust the bands if necessary because of swelling.North Carolina State University: Treating Snake Bites
3. If the victim needs to walk out of an area, wait 20 to 30 minutes. This will let the venom localize at the site. Do not hurry, exertion will only stimulate the circulation of the poison.Trail Blazer: Rattlesnake!

• Introduction
• Symptoms of a Rattlesnake Bite
• What Not to Do
• Call 911 Immediately
• Identifying the Snake
• What To Do While Waiting for Help
• When Help is Not Readily Available
• Conclusion
• References