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As of January 1, 2008
- Approximately 12.6 million LPRs live in the United States. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/stati...
- Approximately 8.2 million LPRs are eligible to naturalize. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/stati...
- 27% of LPRs come from Mexico. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/stati...
- The leading country of origin for LPRs is Mexico, followed by the Philippines, India, China, and the Dominican Republic. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/stati...
- California is the leading state of residence for LPRs, followed by New York, Texas, and Florida. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/stati...
- (LPR stands for Legal Permanent Resident)
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Becoming a U.S. citizen gives you many rights and responsibilities. But many U.S. immigrants lack the knowledge of how to become a U.S. citizen. This page will walk you through the process for obtaining United States citizenship.
There are two ways to become a United States citizen. The first is by birth - being born in the United States or being born to parents who are U.S. citizens. The second way to become a U.S. citizen is through naturalization. Naturalization is how immigrants become citizens of the United States. However, before you can apply for naturalization, you must meet some basic requirements. -
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Permanent Resident Status
To make sure that you meet the eligibility requirements, complete the Eligibility Worksheet on the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) website by clicking here.
In most cases, in order to be eligible to apply for naturalization, you must be a Permanent Resident for a specified number of years. The number of years is dependent upon your particular circumstances. Permanent Resident status must be maintained for 5 years; 3 years if you are married to a U.S. Citizen.ref>"http://www.uscis.gov/files/article/M-476.pdf"</ref>
A Permanent Resident is someone who has lived in the United States as provided for under the U.S. immigration laws. Permanent Residents are normally given Permanent Resident Cards, also known as "Green Cards". (Formerly known as "Alien Registration Cards".)
In addition, you must have "continuous residence", which means that you have not left the United States for a long period of time.
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Step 1: Application for Naturalization
If you believe that you meet the eligibility requirements to apply for U.S. citizenship, then you should obtain the Application for Naturalization (Form N-400). You can obtain the application by downloading it from the USCIS website, by calling 1-800-870-3676, or by stopping by your local USCIS office. (A link to the Application is provided above.)
Once you have your form, make sure to fill it out completely. Leaving out any information may delay the application process. Also, always answer questions honestly and keep a copy of your application for your records. You will be required to answer questions about your application at your interview.
Make sure that all required documentation is submitted with your application. For a complete list of documents that must be sent with your application, see the Document Checklist (see link above). -
Step 2: Submit Your Application
Your application along with the required documentation must be sent directly to the USCIS Lockbox that serves your area. You must also include the filing fee, which is currently $675.
To find out where to send your application, see page 34 of A Guide to Naturalization (see link above).
NOTE: Military applicants filing for citizenship under Sections 328 and 329 of the INA do not require a fee.Step 3: Get Fingerprinted
After USCIS has received your application, you will be notified by mail of when and where to have your fingerprints taken. When you go to the fingerprint location, make sure to bring the following:
1. Your notice letter from the USCIS2. Your Permanent Resident Card
3. Another form of identification that contains a photo (driver's license, passport, or State identification card)
NOTE: It may take 5 to 6 months for your application to be processed before you receive your fingerprint notification letter."https://egov.uscis.gov/cris/processTimesDisplay.do"Step 4: Interview & Test
The next step in how to become a U.S. citizen is the interview. After all documentation and fingerprints have been received by USCIS, you will receive a notice in the mail letting you know the date, time, and location of your interview.
You should bring the following items with you to the interview:
1. Your Permanent Resident Card2. Your Passport (even if it's expired)
3. State Identification Card
4. Any Re-Entry Permits you may have
If you need to bring any additional documents, they will be listed on your appointment letter from the USCIS. It is very important that you bring all requested documents, otherwise your case could be delayed or denied.
If you need to reschedule your appointment, you should write to the USCIS office as soon as possible. However, rescheduling your appointment could add several months to the naturalization process, so it is recommend that you keep your original interview appointment.
AT THE INTERVIEW: You will be interviewed by a USCIS officer who will go over your documentation and ask you several questions in order to determine whether to grant your request for U.S. citizenship. You will be asked about your background and character, about your residence and how long you've been in the U.S., and about your willingness to take an Oath of Allegiance to the United States.
During the interview, the USCIS officer will also test your ability to read, write, and speak English (unless you are exempt), and will test your knowledge and understanding of U.S. history and government. For more information about the tests, and for study guides, see the link at the top of the page.
NOTE: If you want to bring a representative with you to the interview, you must first file a "Notice of Entry of Appearance as Attorney or Representative" (Form G-28) along with your application. Also, if you are exempt from the English requirements, you may bring an interpreter with you or USCIS will select an interpreter for you.Step 5: Decision
After your interview, you will be given a Form N-652 that gives you information about the results of your interview. Based on the information you provided, your application for naturalization will either be granted, continued, or denied.
If your application is granted, you may be able to attend an oath ceremony the same day, otherwise, you will be notified about the time and place of your oath ceremony. The oath ceremony is the final step to becoming a U.S. citizen.
If your application is continued, this means it has been put on hold. This typically happens if you fail the English and civics test and/or fail to give USCIS the correct documents. If you failed the test, your interview will be rescheduled (usually within 60-90 days) and you will be tested again. If you fail the second time, your application will be denied. If USCIS needs additional information from you, you will be given a Form N-14 explaining what information or documents you need to provide and tells you when and how to send them to USCIS. If you do not return the requested information, your application may be denied.
If your application is denied, you will receive a written notice telling you why. Your denial letter will also tell you how to request a hearing if you feel that your citizenship was wrongfully denied. The letter will also include the Request for Hearing on a Decision in Naturalization Proceedings Under Section 336 of the INA (Form N-336). You must file Form N-336, along with the filing fee, within 30 days after you receive a denial letter. If your application is denied after an appeal hearing with USCIS, you can file a petition for a new review of your application in the U.S. District Court.Step 6: Taking the Oath
If your application for naturalization is granted, then you must attend a ceremony and take the Oath of Allegiance to the United States in order to complete the process to become a U.S. citizen. You will be notified by mail of the date and time of your ceremony.
Plan on arriving at least 30 minutes early to the ceremony, and dress in proper attire for the special occasion. When you check in, you must return your Permanent Resident Card, since you will no longer need it.
You will take the Oath during the ceremony. An official will read each part of the Oath slowly and ask you to repeat their words. After taking the Oath, you will receive your Certificate of Naturalization (see photo below). You are now a U.S. Citizen!
AFTER OBTAINING U.S. CITIZENSHIP
After receiving your Certificate of Naturalization, you should update your Social Security record at your nearest Social Security Administration (SSA). This is important because your Social Security record is used to establish eligibility for benefits and demonstrates authorization to work. You will need to present your Certificate of Naturalization to the SSA.
It is also recommend that you apply for a U.S. passport soon after receiving your Certificate of Naturalization, since a passport also serves as evidence of citizenship.
