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A seismologist studies the causes and ramifications of the earth's movements. This page outlines the information you'll need to know if interested in becoming a seismologist.
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Introduction
- Seismologists study earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes and other seismic events such as the effects of man-made explosions. They use their knowledge of the structure of the earth to predict the risk of these events, and then after the event take the information they observed to help expand the collective knowledge those in the field have regarding the physical nature of the earth.
Step 1: What is Seismology?
- Seismology began about 100 years ago with the development of the first seismometer, an instrument capable of recording earthquake waves. The scope of the field has since broadened to include the study of the interaction of many processes that affect the earth's interior.
- The field has a number of sub-specialties:
- Ground motion seismologists study the shaking that is generated by large earthquakes; this helps engineers design earthquake-resistant structures and buildings, and is also helpful in the wake of major disasters to predict aftershocks.
- Some seismologists focus on conducting pure research that includes tracking the time, location, and magnitude of earthquakes.
- Others work on earthquake hazard assessments, trying to pinpoint areas that may be vulnerable to quakes in the future.
- Observations of how motions travel through the earth's interior can provide insight into the composition of the subsurface of the earth. The most practical application of this information is used by oil companies searching for petroleum. Seismologists can use their knowledge to work for oil companies and help find new sources of oil deep within the earth.
- Seismologists can also use their tools to monitor countries' compliance with nuclear test ban treaties, as nuclear explosions generate seismic waves.
Step 2: Obtain an Undergraduate Degree
- The academic major closest to seismology is geophysics, which few schools offer as an undergraduate major.
- Most geophysics graduate programs look for an undergraduate degree in math or physics.
- Undergraduate courses in geology will also be helpful to the aspiring seismologist.
- A seismologist uses computers to analyze and interpret data. While in college, the student should incorporate computer science courses into their curriculum, becoming proficient in basic programming.
- The student should look to complete an internship while an undergraduate, to deepen their understanding of the field.
Step 3: Complete a Graduate Degree
- While some seismologists can get a job with a bachelor's degree, their opportunities will usually be limited to operating equipment and recording results. To obtain a research job analyzing and investigating data, a seismologist will generally need a doctorate or, at minimum, a master's degree in geophysics.
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