The Great Sandy Desert is located in northwestern Australia, and is part of a larger desert area known as the Western Desert. To the southeast is the Gibson Desert, and to the east is the Tanami Desert. It is part of a National Reserve System, containing large dunes and ergs. It is the second largest desert in Australia, after the Great Victoria Desert. There are several salt lakes in the area.

Along the coast there are several, isolated sheep stations, but the area is sparsely populated. Communities of indigenous Australians are the main populations along with mining centers. Many of the aboriginal people were relocated during the 20th century, with some returning to form new communities. There are several gold and copper mines, and a few cattle ranches, but very little economic activity.

The main tourist attraction Kata Tjuta Uluru National Park is located in the southeast corner. Trekking is also popular, although inexperienced trekkers need to travel with a guide, as several people are lost every year.

Feral animals, such as camel, cats, foxes and rabbits are destroying the native species and plant life.