Grammar

By definition, grammar is "the study of the way the sentences of a language are constructed; morphology and syntax".http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/grammar Grammar is specific to certain regions, meaning the rules set forth by "English grammar" may be significantly different from those of other, international territories. The rules set forth by grammar govern the structure and use of words and sentences.

Grammar is used in every language and define sentence structures, phrases and expressions, and even to individual words.

The etymology, or origin, of the word "Grammar" stems from the Greek word "grammatikē technē", or "art of letters", which dates back to the late twelfth century. Some might also trace origins to the Latin word "Grammaire", or "learning".http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=grammar&searchmode=none/ref

Whilst the rules of grammar may vary widely from one region to another, some of the most popular, overlapping concepts include the following:

• Adjectives - To describe something e.g. attractive, lazy, hilarious, etc
• Adverbs - Modify a word and describe what's happening, e.g. quickly, slowly, hastily
• Determiners _ A word/words in front of a noun to describe scale, e.g. these, thirty, many
• Direct and Indirect Speech - When a quote is reported typically in "speech marks", e.g. "There is a cat in our garden."
• Gerund and Present Participle - Various rules apply, e.g. printing, punching, examples "he is printing", "the man was punching", etc
• Nouns - A single word (e.g. cat, man, car) can become plural (e.g. cats, men, cars)
• Passive - Formed by the verb and participle, e.g. was, is, has been, examples "Your car has been cleaned" or "Your car is to be cleaned"
• Possessive - Relates to ownership (e.g. Paul, Italy, Cook, etc), examples "Rome is in Italy", "the Cook was late"
• Relative Clauses - Typically an explanation in brackets - examples "The lady (dressed in red) was very sexy or "The man (who was smoking) went through a red traffic light"
• The Infinitive - After verbs and auxiliaries, e.g. want, wish, decide, examples (e.g. she ought to lose weight or She wants to learn French
• To Get - To obtain, buy, receive, etc, e.g. "You are getting old" or "The man went out to buy a loaf of bread
• Verbs and Verb Tenses - Present, Past, Perfect, Future and Conditional tenses (e.g. present = wants, past = resided, perfect = I had resided, future = They will reside, conditional = If she had enough money she would go)