Gottfried Leibniz was a 17th century philosopher and mathematician from Germany. He is responsible for discovering the basics of calculus. His philosophy contains elements of rationalism, idealism and theism.Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Gottfried Leibniz

• Differential equationsWolfram Science World: Biography Gottfried Leibniz (2007)
• Method of Separation of variablesWolfram Science World: Biography Gottfried Leibniz (2007)
• Reduction of homogeneous equations to separable onesWolfram Science World: Biography Gottfried Leibniz (2007)
• Developed procedure for solving first order linear equationsWolfram Science World: Biography Gottfried Leibniz (2007)
• Multinomial theoremWolfram Science World: Biography Gottfried Leibniz (2007)

• The universe consists of God and "monads," or substances that are indivisibleInternet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Gottfried Leibnizsmall (2006)
• Nothing occurs without reasonStanford Metaphysics lab: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (2004)
• God established harmony, which leads to the perception that events cause one anotherInternet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Gottfried Leibnizsmall (2006)
• Free will exists, there are no universal laws that direct human actionsInternet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Gottfried Leibnizsmall (2006)
• Ignorance of the future is necessary to live freelyInternet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Gottfried Leibnizsmall (2006)
• Space and time are illusionsInternet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Gottfried Leibnizsmall (2006)

• 1646: Born

• 1661: Enrolled in University of Leipzig

• 1667: Advisor for Baron of Boineburg

• 1672: Lived in Paris (met Malebranche, Arnauld, Huygens)

• 1675: Developed foundation of calculus

• 1676: Advisor for Duke of Hannover

• 1676: Published work on calculus

• 1685: Historian for the House of Brunswick

• 1691: Librarian at Wolfenbuettel

• 1700: Became member of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris

• 1716: Died

• 1666: On the Art of Combination

• 1671: New Physical Hypothesis

• 1676: New Method for the Greatest and the Least

• 1686: Discourse on Metaphysics:

• 1695: The New System of Nature

• 1705: New Essays on Human Understanding

• 1710: Theodicy

• 1714: The Monadology