First Siege of Constantinople

    • Part of a series of Byzantine-Arab wars
    • When: 674 - 678
    • Byzantine Empire led by Constantine IV
    • Arab Empire led by Caliph Muawiyah I
    • Victor: Byzantine Empire
  • The first siege of Constantinople began in 674. After conquering territories in the Middle East and North Africa, Caliph Muawiyah I decided to attack the heart of the Byzantine Empire.Islamic-Worldnet: The Umayyad Caliphate The strong walls of Constantinople withstood the attacks, but the Arab fleet successfully blockaded the city along the Bosporus, cutting supplies to the defenders. The decisive turning point in the siege was the Battle of Syllaeum in 677, when the Byzantine navy defeated Arab fleet with the help of a new weapon, Greek Fire. A year later, Arab forces lifted the siege and retreated.
  • Greek Fire

    In the 7th century, Kallinikos, a Christian from Syria, invented a powerful new weapon, Greek Fire. The weapon was also referred to as Byzantine fire, or liquid fire. Effective both on land and sea, Greek fire was mostly used in naval battles. It is said that it would burn even under water. The manufacturing process was kept a secret, so that we still do not know how Greek fire was made.Stronghold Heaven: The History of Greek Fire

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