Demosthenes, born in ancient Athens, was a nationalistic politician who dedicated his life to fending off the Macedonian expansion led by Philip II, and later Alexander the Great.Perseus Encyclopedia: Demosthenes His patriotic endeavors came in the form of the impassioned speeches that he used to rouse his fellow Athenians into action. Popular legend has it that he practiced speaking with stones in his mouth—however, there is no proof of this.Infoplease: Demosthenes He also fought in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC, which Philip II won.Fordham University: Ancient History Sourcebook: Diodorus Siculus: The Battle of Chaeronea, 338 BCE When Alexander's successor, Antipater, ordered his arrest in 322 BC, Demosthenes committed suicide by taking poison.Infoplease: Demosthenes

"All speech is vain and empty unless it be accompanied by action."The Quotations Page: Demosthenes

"Small opportunities are often the beginning of great enterprises."The Quotations Page: Demosthenes

"The easiest thing of all to deceive is one's self; for what a man wishes he generally believes to be true."The Quotations Page: Demosthenes

"Beware lest in your anxiety to avoid war you obtain a master."The Quotations Page: Demosthenes

• Works by Demosthenes

• 4Literature.net: The Oration on the Crown by Demosthenes, Notes and Introduction by Thomas Leland, D.D.

• 4Literature.net: The Oration on the Classes by Demosthenes, Notes and Introduction by Thomas Leland, D.D.

• Amazon.com: Demosthenes: I Olynthiacs, Philippics Minor Public Orations I-XVII and XX by Demosthenes and J.H.Vince (Translator)

• Project Gutenberg: The Olynthiacs and the Philippics by Demosthenes

• 384 or 383 BC: Born in Athens, Greece

• 361-354 BC: Worked as a logographer (speechwriter)

• 351 BC: Delivered the First Philippic, which addressed Macedonian aggression

• 349 BC: Delivered the Three Olynthiacs, which urged Athenians to aid the city of Olynthus

• 343 BC: Prosecuted Aeschines for treason

• 338 BC: Fought at the Battle of Chaeronea

• 335 BC: Confronts Alexander the Great, successor to Philip II

• 324 BC: Accused and convicted of receiving a bribe from Harpalus

• 323 BC: Death of Alexander; his successor is Antipater

• 322 BC: Commits suicide rather than be arrested by Macedonians

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