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- Structure: Rigid (plants and prokaryotes), flexible membrane (animals) http://www.biology-online.org/11/1_plant...
- Function of cell: Compartmentation of metabolism, protection from environmental stresses, reproduction http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/ba...
- Origin of name: Latin "cellula," small room en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)
- Largest cell: Ostrich egg http://scienceblogs.com/clock/2006/11/ce...
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Cell Biology Fundamentals
In biology, a cell is the smallest living structure which functions as a living unit, also known as the smallest building block of life. The term "cell" was penned by Robert Hooke, who observed and studied the cells of cork microscopically in the late 17th century. What he observed reminded him of monastery cells. There are unicellular (single cell) organisms, such as bacteria, some algae and some fungi (yeasts), and there are multicellular organisms, such as plants and [animal|[animals]]. Cells do differ significantly in physical, functional and biochemical characteristics depending on whether they are from prokaryotes or eukaryotes, from plants or animals, or where they are located within the organism's body.The structures of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells are featured photos on the right of this page. You will also find sections on differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes, miscellaneous facts about cells and links that will help you further understand cell biology and structure.
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Different Characteristics of Cell Types.
Differences between the basic types of cells:- Eukaryote - has cellular DNA in a nucleolus within a nuclear membrane, it is 10-100 micrometers in diameter, has cellular organelles, such as mitochondria, liposomes, ribosomes, reproduce by either mitosis or meiosis.
- Prokaryote - cellular DNA is diffused within the cell cytoplasm, it is from 1-10 micrometers in diameter, it has no cellular organelles except ribosomes, almost always single-celled and reproduce by binary fission. http://microbiology.suite101.com/article.cfm/prokaryotic_and_eukaryotic_cells
Differences between plant and animal cells (both are Eukaryotes):
- Plants - have rigid cell walls made of cellulose, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, a large central vacuole, cells manufacture sugar for their energy metabolism from carbon dioxide via photosynthesis
- Animals - do not have rigid cell walls, only membranes, cells break down sugar for energy and waste carbon dioxide. http://www.differencebetween.net/science/difference-between-animal-and-plant-cells/<ref>
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Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Cell organelles contained within a eukaryotic cell are illustrated. The mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration for the cell, generating cell energy. The golgi complex secretes lipids for cell membranes and other processes. The nucleus contains the cell DNA. Lysosomes contain lysozyme enzymes which help the cell to recycle proteins. Ribosomes can be found on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum and the cell cytoplasm. Ribosomes which are important for cellular protein synthesis. The endoplasmic reticulum is a tubular network which is attached to the nuclear membrane and it makes a network in the cell cytoplasm for compartmentalization of the cell and the transport of cell metabolites. There are smooth and rough (with ribosomes) types of endoplasmic reticulum. In plant cells, there are also chloroplasts which harvest light energy to make glucose.
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Bacterial (Prokaryotic) Cell Structure
The components of a bacterial cell are illustrated. All bacteria have the cellular DNA dispersed in the cytoplasm, ribosomes, cell membranes, a cell wall and a capsule. Some bacteria do not have flagellae, some have a single flagellum, and some have multiple flagellae. Not all bacteria have pili, but bacterial pathogens do, and the pili allow them to attach to host cells.
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Mahalo Answers for cell
Looking at new cell phones on Verizon Wireless to upgrade. Any suggestion other than BlackBerry? I have one for work. Looking at pocket type 1 AnswerThe New ENV Touch has the best reviews that CNET has ever had for a Verizon Phone. read more
Does anybody know the truth about charging you cell battery over night? I've heard it isn't the wisest thing to do. 1 AnswerI always charge it over night. Why wouldn't it be wise? Bad for the battery? Risk of fire? The battery does not suffer from it, in my experience. read more
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