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Ethanol

Ethanol is an alcohol-based, renewable fuel derived from the fermentation and distillation of starch crops, such as corn or sugar cane.c

Ethanol Overview

  • Ethanol contains the same chemical compound within alcohol - C2H5OH.
  • Approximately half of all gasoline in the United States contains ethanol in a low-level blend that oxygenates the fuel and reduces air pollution.
  • According to the U.S. Department of Energy, ethanol and biofuels like it could replace 30 percent of gasoline demand by 2030.c

How to Make Ethanol

  1. Biomass feedstocks, like corn, are grown before logistical systems are used to collect and transport the biomass to ethanol production facilities.
  2. Ethanol is produced at the facilities though fermenting and distilling the biomass, followed by a distribution network receiving the ethanol and shipping it to fueling stations for vehicular drivers to use.c

Ethanol Fuels

  • E85 is 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline. It is considered an alternative fuel by the Energy Policy Act of 1992 in the U.S. and is used to fuel E85-capable flexible fuel vehicles. This blend allows vehicles to operate normally under wintery conditions. E85 also has 27 percent less energy per gallon than gasoline.c
  • E10 is 10 percent ethanol and 90 percent gasoline. The ethanol in this blend boosts octane levels, meets air quality requirements and satisfies the Renewable Fuel Standard (which requires refineries and fuel blenders to sell specific volumes of biofuels annually).c
  • E15 is 15 percent ethanol and 85 percent gasoline. There are over 90 state laws that limit the sale of E15 in at least 36 states in the U.S. due to the EPA's 10 percent ethanol blend cap.c

Ethanol Benefits

A renewable fuel, ethanol is largely domestically transported, meaning there is less pollution produced as a result of less distance to travel. This limits a reliance on imported oil and helps the environment at the same time.c

The carbon dioxide released when ethanol is burned is also offset by the CO2 captured by the biomass when the crops are initially grown, resulting in less net CO2 than gasoline-powered vehicles.c

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