Baruch Spinoza

Categories: Social Science
    • Born: November 24, 1632
    • Died: 1677
    • Dutch philosopher
    • Ethics is his most notable work
    • Usually considered a rationalist Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Benedict de Spinoza (2006)
    • Radical thinker of his time Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Baruch Spinoza (June 29, 2001)
    • Jewish Portuguese descent
    • Excommunicated by synagogue in 1656 because of his philosophy

  • Baruch Spinoza was a 17th century Dutch philosopher. His philosophy includes ideas from Cartesian metaphysical principles, Jewish rationalism, Stoicism, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Descartes. But he is most often considered one of the major rationalists, along with Descartes and Leibniz Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Benedict de Spinoza (2006).

  • His Philosophy

    • God is nature.Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Baruch Spinoza (June 29, 2001)
    • Nature is indivisible, uncaused and necessary.Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Baruch Spinoza (June 29, 2001)
    • Nature does not exist for any purpose. God has no intentions.Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Baruch Spinoza (June 29, 2001)
    • Mind and body are not two separate things, as Descartes argued. They are two expressions of a human.Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Baruch Spinoza (June 29, 2001)
    • Humans are a part of nature or God. Thus, humans' thoughts are an extension of God; therefore, there is no free will.Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Baruch Spinoza (June 29, 2001)
    • Humans will find happiness only through a rational understanding of their place within God's natural system.Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Baruch Spinoza (June 29, 2001)

  • Quotes

    • Whatever is, is in God, and nothing can be or be conceived without God.Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Baruch Spinoza (June 29, 2001)
    • That eternal and infinite being we call God, or Nature, acts from the same necessity from which he exists.Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Baruch Spinoza (June 29, 2001)
    • The man who is subject to the [passive] affects is under the control, not of himself, but of fortune, in whose power he so greatly is that often, though he sees the better for himself, he is still forced to follow the worse.Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Benedict de Spinoza (2006)

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      If men were born free, they would, so long as they remained free, form no conception of good and evil. -Baruch Spinoza #quote
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      Peace is not an absence of war, it is a virtue, a state of mind, a disposition for benevolence, confidence, justice. -Baruch Spinoza #quote
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      Peace is not an absence of war, it is a virtue, a state of mind, a disposition for benevolence, confidence, justice. Baruch Spinoza
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      Peace is not an absence of war, it is a virtue, a state of mind, a disposition for benevolence, confidence, justice. -Baruch Spinoza #quote
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      What everyone wants from life is continuous and genuine happiness. -- Baruch Spinoza
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