After initially facing only four charges of perjury, a federal grand jury indicted Barry Bonds on 14 counts of perjury on May 13, 2008. The reformulated indictment still includes one count of obstruction of justice as in the earlier indictment.

The charges stem from Bonds allegedly lying about his use of performance-enhancing drugs in testimony given to a grand jury in 2003.

Bonds allegedly began using steroids with a 1998 injection of Winstrol into his buttocks. He is said to have taken wide variety of performance-enhancing drugs spanning five seasons.

BALCO, a blood and urine analysis and food supplements company, tracked Bonds' drug use using doping calendars and folders. The calendars detail what drugs, the quantity of drug, timespan and Bonds' testosterone levels. The files were seized by federal agents on September 3, 2003 during a raid on BALCO.