Baby formula, or infant formula, is designed as an alternative feeding method for parents whom breastfeeding is not a good option. According to the Mayo Clinic, breastfeeding an infant until the age of one is the recommended feeding method due to the enhanced nutrition and immune systems support that it provides.http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/breast-feeding/FL00133 The proper nutrition during infancy is critical due to the rapid growth and development during the first year of life. According to the International Formula Council, an infant's weight will generally triple during the first year and they will grow an average of 10 to 11 inches.http://www.infantformula.org/for-parents/infant-feeding-nutrition

While breast milk substitutes have been available since the latter 19th century, the more modern version of baby formula began in 1915. At this time, cows milk was processed and modified with added fat content to mimic human milk. Current formulations have been developed based on research that established the correct balance of fat, vitamins, minerals, protein and carbohydrates.http://www.infantformula.org/for-parents/infant-feeding-nutrition

Standard milk from a cow is not a suitable substitute for breast milk or formula because it does not have enough iron, can cause intestinal blood loss in some infants, does not contain sufficient vitamins and is difficult for babies to absorb according to the International Formula Council.http://www.infantformula.org/for-parents/infant-feeding-nutrition

Three major forms of commercial baby formula are offered.

1. Cow's milk base- Baby formula made from modified cow's milk is the most common form of formula sold. It has added nutrients to create milk that is similar to human breast milk.http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/infant-formula/PR00058
2. Soy base- For babies with an allergy or intolerance for cow's milk, or lactose intolerant, soy milk is offered as an alternative. This version may also be used by parents who want their baby on a vegetarian diet.http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/infant-formula/PR00058
3. Hypoallergenic- Protein hydrolysate formulas are easier to digest than soy-based or milk-based formulas and are used mainly for babies sensitive to both soy and cow's milk formulas.http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/infant-formula/PR00058

Other types of formulas are also available for infants with certain types of medical issues and premature babies.http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/infant-formula/PR00058

Baby formula is offered in several preparations. The most common type, and least expensive, is powdered formula. The powder is measured and mixed with water. Concentrated liquid formulas are also sold that are combined with water before feeding. The most expensive baby formula preparations are ready-to-use mixtures.http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/infant-formula/PR00058