Write about two new approaches to slowing down or curing cancer that will become available soon.
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M$2 Answers
1. Antiangiogenic therapy: When a tumor develops, it causes a blood supply to grow with it, a process known as angiogenesis. For example, Avastin is one drug that prevents angiogenesis, When any cell lacks oxygen, including cancer cells, they secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a protein which stimulates the growth of new blood vessels. Avastin (Recombinant Humanized Monoclonal Antibody) made by Genetech, binds to the VEGF protein, limiting the growth of blood vessels thus reducing tumor growth.
2. Cancer vaccines, where a vaccine is developed from your own cancer cells. For example, at Johns Hopkins University, there is a clinical trial going on for patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. After removing your tumor, pancreatic cancer cells are harvested and made into a vaccine. The vaccine is injected back into you and the vaccination causes an immune response where you form antibodies to your own cancer! This can halt the further development of any cancer from cells that were not removed
duenhsiyen
http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Feb07/cancerJ591.kr.html
http://www.managedcaremag.com/archives/0401/0401.biotech.html
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=54679
http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=6633230n
http://pathology.jhu.edu/pc/TreatmentVaccine.php?area=tr
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/biologicaltherapy
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M$such as leukemia and lymphoma. During stem cell transplant high dosages of chemotherapy
and radiation is required.
http://cancer.about.com/od/stemcelltransplants/Stem_Cell_Transplants.htm
The second treatment will be embryonic stem cell which is productive in developing anti-cancer
treatments. It kills cancer cells of people with breast cancer and leukemia.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15569600
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M$
Will you explain what Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma is and how the stem cell therapy was thought to help your friend?
Stem cell approach will be done in late 2010 or early 2011
Will the Stem Cell fix the p52 defect in the cancer cells?
My friend "Mike" has already had a stem cell transplant (2009) to treat his Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and although the success of this treatment was relatively limited he is undergoing another stem cell transplant later this month, this time he and his doctors are expecting better results.
I am not a doctor but here is information regarding stem cell transplants and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
http://www.medicinenet.com/non-hodgkins_lymphomas/page8.htm#stemcell
http://www.medicinenet.com/peripheral_blood_stem_cell_transplant/article.htm
http://www.healthline.com/sw/cs-what-happens-during-stem-cell-transplant-for-non-hodgkins-lymphoma
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/page7#h5
He is doing remarkably well.
The clinical trials started in 2009 and people who were treated in 2009 were part of the clinical trials.
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/23/business/23stem.html
How soon will this approach be available?
Any form of stem cell cancer treatments undergoing clinical trials?
Stem cells fix p52 defects.It is mother nature to the rescue because surgery does not work to get rid of that. Stem cells boast natural defenses towards cancer.
http://wis-wander.weizmann.ac.il/STORAGE/files/0/3030.pdf
The vaccine procedure is known as GVAX immunotherapy
What is being done here is the harvested cancer cells have the gene for Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) added to their genes while outside in a petri dish. You just add the genetic material and it automatically gets incorporated into the cancer cells, no virus needed. Then, the cancer cells are irradiated so they cannot multiply anymore. Then they are injected. This is the vaccine. The body recognizes the protein made by the GMCSF gene as foreign. It attracts antigen presenting cells (APCs). They gobble up the sterilized pancreatic cancer cells and learn how to identify them as tumor cells (such as by a protein tag on the surface). The APCs then migrate to the lymph nodes and teach the T killer cells residing there that any cell having this tag is foreign and kill it. The T killer cells go throughout the body, eliminating any metastasized pancreatic cancer cells.
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/33754.php
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb4365/is_7_40/ai_n29388061/
In the Phase I trial of 14 patients, 3 patients remained cancer free for 7 years!
I'm now wondering if Steve Jobs had this therapy?
The vaccine approach offers a possible cure, since the T killer cells of the immune system have been trained to recognize the pancreatic cancer cells and emit the antibodies which destroy them. They can destroy these cells even after the cancer has metastasized....even individual cells. In the history of medicine and public health, the application of vaccines has been the single most effective agent in the eradication and control of disease worldwide.
The antiangiogenic approach is only good for tumors greater than 1 mm in size, which are trying to develop a blood supply system for themselves. This approach does not directly attack the cancer, which is the source of the problem. Also, choking off the blood supply is by the same mechanism as in vaccination, ie. using antibodies.
The T killer cell could be combined with a biotechnology vector for marking cancer cells so the T killer cell can identify it. Perhaps an antigen could be attached to the cancer cell by the virus vector.
What are the survival rates for patients receiving liver cancer vaccines?
Which process offers the best chances for remission or cure?
cervical cancer and liver cancer vaccines are already available in USA. They are not new approaches.