The Sumerians created the first civilzation (3300 BCE) to have an organized government under a Chief Priest. The inhabited an area between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, called Mesopotamia. The country was called Sumer.

http://www.google.co.cr/images?q=tbn:UX67uDru3nAPWM::www.hindunet.org/hindu_history/sarasvati/Sumer.jpg&h=80&w=94&usg=__BIpjj_oWoxbY_mciJiRNSoLhiUg=

They had many Gods, which irritated the Akkadians, early Semites who inhabited the area and migrated from the Arabian Peninsula.

The Chief Priest created city-states within the country and there were bureaucrats to organize the growing of food and distribution to the cities. The invented law (Code of Hammurabi), bureaucrats, astonomy, and a cuneform alphabet (http://frmarkdwhite.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/epiphany.jpg) written on clay tablets.

http://www.ancientscripts.com/images/sumerian_tablet.jpg

The Sumerians also developed a complex system of metrology c 4000 BCE. This metrology advanced resulting in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra.

The Sumerians were an ancient Mesopotamian people who were the first known to brew beer. Their Goddess of Beer was Ninkasi.

"Hymn to Ninkasi

Borne of the flowing water,
Tenderly cared for by the Ninhursag,
Borne of the flowing water,
Tenderly cared for by the Ninhursag,

Having founded your town by the sacred lake,
She finished its great walls for you,
Ninkasi, having founded your town by the sacred lake,
She finished it's walls for you,

Your father is Enki, Lord Nidimmud,
Your mother is Ninti, the queen of the sacred lake.
Ninkasi, your father is Enki, Lord Nidimmud,
Your mother is Ninti, the queen of the sacred lake.

You are the one who handles the dough and with a big shovel,
Mixing in a pit, the bappir with sweet aromatics,
Ninkasi, you are the one who handles the dough and with a big shovel,
Mixing in a pit, the bappir with date - honey,

You are the one who bakes the bappir in the big oven,
Puts in order the piles of hulled grains,
Ninkasi, you are the one who bakes the bappir in the big oven,
Puts in order the piles of hulled grains,

You are the one who waters the malt set on the ground,
The noble dogs keep away even the potentates,
Ninkasi, you are the one who waters the malt set on the ground,
The noble dogs keep away even the potentates,

You are the one who soaks the malt in a jar,
The waves rise, the waves fall.
Ninkasi, you are the one who soaks the malt in a jar,
The waves rise, the waves fall.

You are the one who spreads the cooked mash on large reed mats,
Coolness overcomes,
Ninkasi, you are the one who spreads the cooked mash on large reed mats,
Coolness overcomes,

You are the one who holds with both hands the great sweet wort,
Brewing it with honey and wine
(You the sweet wort to the vessel)
Ninkasi, (...)(You the sweet wort to the vessel)

The filtering vat, which makes a pleasant sound,
You place appropriately on a large collector vat.
Ninkasi, the filtering vat, which makes a pleasant sound,
You place appropriately on a large collector vat.

When you pour out the filtered beer of the collector vat,
It is like the onrush of Tigris and Euphrates.
Ninkasi, you are the one who pours out the filtered beer of the collector vat,
It is like the onrush of Tigris and Euphrates. "

Sumerians is the earliest civilization known on earth. They were located in Iraq. They were around about 3000 bc.They began to form several city states in southern mesoptamia that controlled areas of several hundred square miles. The Sumerians were polytheists they believe in several Gods.They did do a considerable amount of farming. They were great astronomers .The grew in power in Iraq. Whenever Sumeritans conquer a new city they would force their conquered people to accept their Gods.