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What's the name of the syndrome where victims defend their captors, like in the case of a long term kidnapping?
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M$9 Answers
It is now also commonly used to describe the relationship between consumers and electronic devices, as in iPhone owners can not see past the flaws in their device.
Stockholm Syndrome is also the name of a band whose album Holy Happy Hour recently debuted.
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Perhaps the most famous claim of Stockholm Syndrome was the case of Patty Hearst. She was a college-aged girl from a very wealthy family. In 1974, she was kidnapped by a radical group, the "Symbionese Liberation Army" in California. She was with that group for about 1.5 years. During that time, she seemingly actively participated in several bank robberies and other crimes. She released a tape claiming that her captors had offered her freedom but that she had decided to stay and fight with them. Her new name was Tania.
When the group was eventually caught, she was jailed and tried for her crimes. Hearst's attorney, F. Lee Bailey, claimed that she had been physically and sexually abused and that her seeming compliance with the group was due to Stockholm Syndrome. She was convicted of bank robbery and sentenced to 35 years but President Jimmy Carter commuted her sentence after she had served almost 2 years. She later recieved a full presidential pardon from President Bill Clinton.
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On August 23rd, 1973 two machine-gun carrying criminals entered a bank in Stockholm, Sweden. Blasting their guns, one prison escapee named Jan-Erik Olsson announced to the terrified bank employees "The party has just begun!" The two bank robbers held four hostages, three women and one man, for the next 131 hours. The hostages were strapped with dynamite and held in a bank vault until finally rescued on August 28th.
After their rescue, the hostages exhibited a shocking attitude considering they were threatened, abused, and feared for their lives for over five days. In their media interviews, it was clear that they supported their captors and actually feared law enforcement personnel who came to their rescue. The hostages had begun to feel the captors were actually protecting them from the police. One woman later became engaged to one of the criminals and another developed a legal defense fund to aid in their criminal defense fees. Clearly, the hostages had "bonded" emotionally with their captors.
While the psychological condition in hostage situations became known as "Stockholm Syndrome" due to the publicity – the emotional "bonding" with captors was a familiar story in psychology. It had been recognized many years before and was found in studies of other hostage, prisoner, or abusive situations such as:
Abused Children
Battered/Abused Women
Prisoners of War
Cult Members
Incest Victims
Criminal Hostage Situations
Concentration Camp Prisoners
Controlling/Intimidating Relationships
In the final analysis, emotionally bonding with an abuser is actually a strategy for survival for victims of abuse and intimidation. The "Stockholm Syndrome" reaction in hostage and/or abuse situations is so well recognized at this time that police hostage negotiators no longer view it as unusual. In fact, it is often encouraged in crime situations as it improves the chances for survival of the hostages. On the down side, it also assures that the hostages experiencing "Stockholm Syndrome" will not be very cooperative during rescue or criminal prosecution. Local law enforcement personnel have long recognized this syndrome with battered women who fail to press charges, bail their battering husband/boyfriend out of jail, and even physically attack police officers when they arrive to rescue them from a violent assault.
Stockholm Syndrome (SS) can also be found in family, romantic, and interpersonal relationships. The abuser may be a husband or wife, boyfriend or girlfriend, father or mother, or any other role in which the abuser is in a position of control or authority.
For further insight, read:
Love and Stockholm Syndrome: The Mystery of Loving an Abuser
Written by Joseph M. Carver, PhD
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The name is based on a 1973 bank robbery in Stockholm that lasted six days. When the ordeal ended, the captives were defending their captors.
Did you know that many times in cases that involve Stockholm Syndrome, that there is often an element of sexual attraction that the hostages feel for their captors?
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M$You can leave an optional "tip" with Mahalo's virtual currency, Mahalo Dollars. If you are asking a difficult question that might require some research, or if you'd like a wide variety of feedback, a higher tip often leads to more answers to your question.
M$You can leave an optional "tip" with Mahalo's virtual currency, Mahalo Dollars. If you are asking a difficult question that might require some research, or if you'd like a wide variety of feedback, a higher tip often leads to more answers to your question.
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and like gno says, it can also be called Helsinki Syndrome
"Stockholm syndrome is a psychological response sometimes seen in abducted hostages, in which the hostage shows signs of loyalty to the hostage-taker, regardless of the danger or risk in which they have been placed."
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