What would cause a young athlete, like Dani Jarque, to have a heart attack?
I know this is not the first case of a young athlete passing from a heart attack, but what causes it? Is there anything athletes can do to prevent this?
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M$8 Answers
The most common direct cause of cardiac arrest is a breakdown of the heart's electrical system. If the heart's natural pacemaker malfunctions, or if the orderly conduction of signals throughout the heart is disrupted, the regular, coordinated pumping action can be replaced by disorganized muscle contractions (ventricular fibrillation). Blood flow throughout the body stops, and death is inevitable unless the heart's normal beat can be restarted.
Over 80% of cardiac arrests are the result of coronary artery disease, which can reduce blood flow to the heart and impair electrical conduction even without causing the usual symptoms of a heart attack. Other possible causes include an enlarged heart, disease involving the heart valves, congenital heart disease, and abnormalities in the electrical system itself. The use of certain drugs can affect the heart's electrical system and increase the risk of sudden cardiac arrest. Finally, in some cases of cardiac arrest, the cause is never found. (There are still other causes, such as electrocution and sudden immersion in cold water, which can be ignored in this particular case.)
The only way to find out why Dani Jarque's heart, or anyone else's, stopped suddenly is to perform a thorough autopsy, and even then the question might remain unanswered. It would take extensive (and expensive) testing to identify many of the possible causes beforehand, and some at-risk individuals would still remain undiagnosed.
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One of the most famous cases of this tragic condition was the death of the author Jim Fixx. He wrote "The Complete Book of Running" and died while he was out on a run. Fixx was the eiptome of a physically fit man and probably one of the last people anyone would expect to die of a heart attack.
Despite these cases that get lots of media coverage, sudden nontraumatic death due to congenital heart disease is very rare.
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M$You can leave an optional "tip" with Mahalo's virtual currency, Mahalo Dollars. If you are asking a difficult question that might require some research, or if you'd like a wide variety of feedback, a higher tip often leads to more answers to your question.
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To quote Wikipedia:
" Other side effects can include alterations in the structure of the heart, such as enlargement and thickening of the left ventricle, which impairs its contraction and relaxation. Possible effects of these alterations in the heart are hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, heart attacks, and sudden cardiac death. These changes are also seen in non-drug using athletes, but steroid use may accelerate this process."
However, much research has been performed on the exact cause of these cases, but they are for now inconclusive..
Edit: I just read somewhere that it could also have been a combination of (legal) painkillers and a small (undetected) heartproblem, or narrowed veins.
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http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/12/051212163910.htm
http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=324
http://heartdisease.about.com/od/palpitationsarrhythmias/a/suddendeath_athletes.htm
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