what happens when you drink water and it goes down the wrong "pipe," causing you to cough?
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M$2 Answers
http://kidshealth.org/kid/watch/er/choking.html
"To understand choking, you first have to understand what goes on at the back of your throat hundreds of times per day. All the food you eat and the air you breathe passes through your throat to get into your body. Food and liquid go down one pipe — the esophagus (say: ih-sah-fuh-gus) — to your stomach. Air goes down another pipe — the trachea (say: tray-kee-uh), or windpipe — to your lungs. These two pipes share an opening at the back of your throat.
So if they share an opening, how does the food know which pipe to go down? Lucky for you, your body has it all under control. A little flap of cartilage (say: kar-tel-ij) called the epiglottis (say: eh-pih-glah-tis) sits near your trachea, and every time you swallow, it springs into action. Acting like a little door, it closes off the entrance to your trachea so that food is sent down your esophagus into your stomach instead of into your lungs."
http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/818/75012038.JPG
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/epiglottis.aspx
"epiglottis A leaf-shaped piece of cartilage covered by mucous membrane, sited vertically against the back of the root of the tongue and in front of the glottis — the opening into the larynx. The upper part of the epiglottis is free to bend back and down; also the arrangement of nearby folds of tissue and bands of muscle allows the rim of the glottis to be drawn against a thickening on the back surface of the epiglottis. These mechanisms provide for closure of the glottis during swallowing, preventing food and drink from entering the larynx and trachea (windpipe) and directing it further back into the opening of the oesophagus (gullet)."
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/respiratorysystem/larynx/epiglottis/tutorial.html
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M$The coughing is technically a "laryngospasm" and "glottis closure", and can cause death even when there is not much water in the lungs. If you inhale water from a source like a lake, you could inhale contaminant that could eventually cause pneumonia.
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