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Royalties began in 1941, when the American Federation of Radio Artists (AFRA) insisted that the actors be compensated for rebroadcast programs
In 1951, the American Federation of Musicians negotiated residual payments with film producers for the broadcast of movies on television.
In 1952, the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) had a strike against Monogram Pictures to force the company to make residual payments whenever its movies were broadcast on television.
During the 1050s SAG continued to negotiate residual payments from emerging television networks for reruns and from advertisers for the reuse of television commercials and by 1960, residuals had become standard throughout the film and television industry.
As new distribution markets emerged during the 1970s and 1980s, so did entertainment industry unions. The American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA), the Writers Guild of America (WGA), the Directors Guild (DGA) as well as SAG negotiated for residuals for cable, videocassette, pay-per-view and in-flight movies on airplanes.
By the 1990s, unions were negotiating for residuals from CDs. In 2008-2009, high-profile disputes over "new media" residuals resulted in a strike by the WGA Strike and on-going negotiations with SAG.
In 1951, the American Federation of Musicians negotiated residual payments with film producers for the broadcast of movies on television.
In 1952, the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) had a strike against Monogram Pictures to force the company to make residual payments whenever its movies were broadcast on television.
During the 1050s SAG continued to negotiate residual payments from emerging television networks for reruns and from advertisers for the reuse of television commercials and by 1960, residuals had become standard throughout the film and television industry.
As new distribution markets emerged during the 1970s and 1980s, so did entertainment industry unions. The American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA), the Writers Guild of America (WGA), the Directors Guild (DGA) as well as SAG negotiated for residuals for cable, videocassette, pay-per-view and in-flight movies on airplanes.
By the 1990s, unions were negotiating for residuals from CDs. In 2008-2009, high-profile disputes over "new media" residuals resulted in a strike by the WGA Strike and on-going negotiations with SAG.
source(s):
http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/R/htmlR/residuals/residuals.htm
http://www.hollywoodactorprep.com/blog/2009/01/acting-residuals-why-and-whe...
http://www.backstage.com/bso/news_reviews/other_news/article_display.jsp?vn...
http://www.ascap.com/about/payment/royalties.html
http://www.copyright.gov/fedreg/2000/65fr54984.html
http://www.unclaimed.com/screen_actor_residuals.htm
http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/R/htmlR/residuals/residuals.htm
http://www.hollywoodactorprep.com/blog/2009/01/acting-residuals-why-and-whe...
http://www.backstage.com/bso/news_reviews/other_news/article_display.jsp?vn...
http://www.ascap.com/about/payment/royalties.html
http://www.copyright.gov/fedreg/2000/65fr54984.html
http://www.unclaimed.com/screen_actor_residuals.htm
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