Some one explain me Electron delocalization?
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"In chemistry delocalized electrons are electrons in a molecule that are not associated with a single atom or to a covalent bond. Delocalized electrons are contained within an orbital that extends over several adjacent atoms. Classically, delocalized electrons can be found in conjugated systems of double bonds and in aromatic and mesoionic systems. It is increasingly appreciated that electrons in sigma bonding levels are also delocalized. For example, in methane, the bonding electrons are shared by all five atoms equally. Pervasive existence of delocalization is implicit in molecular orbital theory.
In the simple aromatic ring of benzene the delocalization of six π electrons over the C6 ring is often graphically indicated by a circle. The fact that the six C-C bonds are equidistant is one indication of this delocalization. In valence bond theory, delocalization in benzene is represented by resonance structures."
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M$Delocalization generally (not always) occurs with pi – electron present in pi – bond.
Resonance structures are the structures of the molecules which have pi– electrons delocalized. These molecules can not be represented by one structure and are represented by combination of two or more structure called resonance structure. The characteristic properties of the molecule are represented by average properties of all the resonating structure.
Resonance energy is the difference in energy of real molecule and the energy of most stable resonating structure of the molecule. The energy of real molecule is always lower than the energy of any resonating structure. The energy of all resonating structure is not same but differs from each other. Real molecule is different from any of the resonating structure. It is not one of the resonating structures but has average properties of all contributing structure.
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M$Delocalized electrons are important for several reasons. One, an expected chemical reaction may not occur because the electrons delocalize to a more stable configuration, resulting in a reaction that happens at a different location. An example attempting the Friedel–Crafts alkylation of benzene with 1-chloro-2-methylpropane; the carbocation rearranges to a tert-butyl group stabilized by hyperconjugation, a particular form of delocalization.
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