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Chronic Bronchitis is a long-term inflammation of the bronchi that results in increase mucus production.
A person is diagnosed with chronic bronchitis if:
- cough with expectoration that lasts for 3 months in succeeding two years thereof
- TB and other lung diseases should be ruled out.
Symptoms are cough, spitting out of mucus or phlegm, difficulty breathing, swelling of the feet, heart failure, and abnormal lung signs.
Causes: Cigarette smoking, environmental pollution, bacteria and viruses.
Treatment: oral medications, bronchodilator for inhaled medications, lung reduction surgery to remove portion of lungs that has been damaged., lung transplantation, oxygen supplement.
A person is diagnosed with chronic bronchitis if:
- cough with expectoration that lasts for 3 months in succeeding two years thereof
- TB and other lung diseases should be ruled out.
Symptoms are cough, spitting out of mucus or phlegm, difficulty breathing, swelling of the feet, heart failure, and abnormal lung signs.
Causes: Cigarette smoking, environmental pollution, bacteria and viruses.
Treatment: oral medications, bronchodilator for inhaled medications, lung reduction surgery to remove portion of lungs that has been damaged., lung transplantation, oxygen supplement.
Chronic bronchitis is a chronic inflammation of the bronchi (medium-size airways) in the lungs. It is generally considered one of the two forms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.It is defined clinically as a persistent cough that produces sputum (phlegm) and mucus, for at least three months in two consecutive years.
signs and symptoms
Bronchitis may be indicated by an expectorating cough (also known as a productive cough, i.e. one that produces sputum), shortness of breath (dyspnea) and wheezing. Occasionally chest pains, fever, and fatigue or malaise may also occur. Mucus is often green or yellowish green and also may be orange or pink, depending on the pathogen causing the inflammation.
Diagnosis
A physical examination will often reveal diminished breath sounds, wheezing and prolonged expiration. Most doctors rely on the presence of a persistent dry or wet cough as evidence of bronchitis.
A variety of tests may be performed in patients presenting with cough and shortness of breath:
* Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) (or spirometry) must be performed in all patients presenting with chronic cough. An FEV1/FVC ratio below 0.7 that is not fully reversible after bronchodilator therapy indicates the presence of COPD, that requires more aggressive therapy and carries a more severe prognosis than simple chronic bronchitis.
* A chest X-ray that reveals hyperinflation; collapse and consolidation of lung areas would support a diagnosis of pneumonia. Some conditions that predispose to bronchitis may be indicated by chest radiography.
* A sputum sample showing neutrophil granulocytes (inflammatory white blood cells) and culture showing that has pathogenic microorganisms such as Streptococcus spp.
* A blood test would indicate inflammation (as indicated by a raised white blood cell count and elevated C-reactive protein).
* Neutrophils infiltrate the lung tissue, aided by damage to the airways caused by irritation.
* Damage caused by irritation of the airways leads to inflammation and leads to neutrophils being present
* Mucosal hypersecretion is promoted by a substance released by neutrophils
* Further obstruction to the airways is caused by more goblet cells in the small airways. This is typical of chronic bronchitis
* Although infection is not the reason or cause of chronic bronchitis it is seen to aid in sustaining the bronchitis.
Treatment
Antibiotics
For acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, if antibiotics are used, amoxicillin or doxycycline is recommended.
edit Bronchodilators
For acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, a clinical practice guideline by the American College of Physicians found that bronchodilators may help.4
Ipratropium is an example of a bronchodilator that may be useful for people suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, such as chronic bronchitis.
edit Corticosteroids
For acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, a clinical practice guideline by the American College of Physicians found that corticosteroids may help.4
edit Smoking cessation
Main article: smoking cessation
signs and symptoms
Bronchitis may be indicated by an expectorating cough (also known as a productive cough, i.e. one that produces sputum), shortness of breath (dyspnea) and wheezing. Occasionally chest pains, fever, and fatigue or malaise may also occur. Mucus is often green or yellowish green and also may be orange or pink, depending on the pathogen causing the inflammation.
Diagnosis
A physical examination will often reveal diminished breath sounds, wheezing and prolonged expiration. Most doctors rely on the presence of a persistent dry or wet cough as evidence of bronchitis.
A variety of tests may be performed in patients presenting with cough and shortness of breath:
* Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) (or spirometry) must be performed in all patients presenting with chronic cough. An FEV1/FVC ratio below 0.7 that is not fully reversible after bronchodilator therapy indicates the presence of COPD, that requires more aggressive therapy and carries a more severe prognosis than simple chronic bronchitis.
* A chest X-ray that reveals hyperinflation; collapse and consolidation of lung areas would support a diagnosis of pneumonia. Some conditions that predispose to bronchitis may be indicated by chest radiography.
* A sputum sample showing neutrophil granulocytes (inflammatory white blood cells) and culture showing that has pathogenic microorganisms such as Streptococcus spp.
* A blood test would indicate inflammation (as indicated by a raised white blood cell count and elevated C-reactive protein).
* Neutrophils infiltrate the lung tissue, aided by damage to the airways caused by irritation.
* Damage caused by irritation of the airways leads to inflammation and leads to neutrophils being present
* Mucosal hypersecretion is promoted by a substance released by neutrophils
* Further obstruction to the airways is caused by more goblet cells in the small airways. This is typical of chronic bronchitis
* Although infection is not the reason or cause of chronic bronchitis it is seen to aid in sustaining the bronchitis.
Treatment
Antibiotics
For acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, if antibiotics are used, amoxicillin or doxycycline is recommended.
edit Bronchodilators
For acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, a clinical practice guideline by the American College of Physicians found that bronchodilators may help.4
Ipratropium is an example of a bronchodilator that may be useful for people suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, such as chronic bronchitis.
edit Corticosteroids
For acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, a clinical practice guideline by the American College of Physicians found that corticosteroids may help.4
edit Smoking cessation
Main article: smoking cessation
The definition of chronic bronchitis is chronic cough or mucus reproduction for at least three months in two successive years when other causes have been excluded.
Chronic bronchitis is a chronic inflammatory condition in the lungs that causes the espiratory passages to be swollen and irritated, increases the mucus production and may damage the lungs. The symptoms are coughing and breathlessness, which will get worse over the years.
Chronic bronchitis is a chronic inflammatory condition in the lungs that causes the espiratory passages to be swollen and irritated, increases the mucus production and may damage the lungs. The symptoms are coughing and breathlessness, which will get worse over the years.
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Voted "No best answer": safiqulislam, shinju,
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