The Maya had a very accurate understanding of the apparent motions of Venus, and this understanding was constantly being refined over centuries of observation. As a result, they were able to incorporate these motions into their highly accurate calendar system.

http://edj.net/mc2012/fap4.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_calendar#Venus_Cycle

Venus is the brightest planet of all as seen from Earth and is obvious to the naked eye. If you know where to look, it's even visible in broad daylight.

http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~huffman/venus.htm
http://www.mahalo.com/answers/astronomy/can-planet-venus-be-seen-in-broad-daylight-with-naked-eye-and-if-so-under-what-circumstances#aed79bebc47b667d30d9d9296b321a921f86ab2c75abdf0a9182b8291a34362d0

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