From my understanding of the subject the goal of the experiment is to push the equation e=mc2 to the limit. Mass and energy can be converted into one another and that is the underlying principle behind the big bang (that an immense amount of energy turned into mass).

In the case of the LHC we are dealing with tiny amounts of mass and relatively tiny amounts of energy. The experiment will be successful if the two particles of mass annihilate each other for a plit second before the energy they create (not really create, but that they are converted into) return into mass particles.
Source(s):
The book I am reading, "The Elegant Universe" covers some of these questions in the context of superstring theory.

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The LHC is not trying to recreate the Big Bang. It is merely trying to reproduce the conditions in effect near the time of the Big Bang, when matter first condensed from the initial energy. Buy accelerating different particles to high enough speeds and smashing them into other particles and recording the results, it may be possible to test some of the theories about how the universe resulted from the Big Bang.

It has long been known that breaking up particles like atoms into their consituent parts like protons and neutrons releases energy. It has been speculated that matter can be formed from energy in some sort of reverse format. Matter has been formed from energy, but only in matter/antimatter pairs which usually immediately recombine and anhilate each other into energy again.

The LHC is trying to recreate conditions shortly after the Big Bang. That does not mean there will be enough energy or matter to form a galaxy, even a mini one. Some have theorized that it could create a mini black hole and destroy the solar system, but that is more science fiction than science. The LHC will only be smashing particles into each other, and then analyzing what particles and energy are released in the next few microseconds.

I hope this helps.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Big_Bang
Source(s):
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Big_Bang

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