EyeConcerns.com has a good explanation from a medical perspective.

It is believed that muscle spasms in the eyelid causes eye twitches. Because of this, it is believed that it is related to the nervous system. Most think that these muscle twitches can be related to emotional stress or physical eye strain. For example, staring at the computer all day can cause it to twitch. This type of eye twitch is not considered serious and is usually transitory.

Technically speaking, eye twitching is called blepharospasm. It can even have triggers like smoking or bright light.

There are more severe forms of eye twitching that can even lead to blindness. Botox injections can affect the nerves that cause these twitches and are considered to be the main cause for severe muscle twitches around the eye.
http://www.funfacts.com.au/images/eye41.jpg

There are also many superstitions about twitching eyes. Here are some from TwitchingEyelids.com.

In China the chief superstition seems to be that for a male, a twitch in the right eye signifies good luck, maybe a major windfall. A twitch in the left eye? Not so good. It’s a bad omen; a sign of ill luck headed your way! The entire situation seems to turn around in the case of females; for them, a twitching left eye signifies good luck while a twitching right one is a strict no no!

Indians commonly believe that a twitching left eye is definitely a good omen, while a twitching right one is considered inauspicious.

Nigerians go with the Chinese version. Left eye – bad. Right eye – Good.

To Hawaiians, an eye twitch can either mean the arrival of a stranger, or that you’re soon going to mourn for someone.
Source(s):
http://www.eyeconcerns.com/eyeconcerns-articles/eye-twitches.php
http://www.twitchingeyelids.com/eyelid-twitching-superstitions.html

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