Selected information resources mentioning numbers:

Your appearance, good or bad, can affect size of your paycheck
Growing research shows how you look is influential while lawsuits raise awareness
http://www.usatoday.com/educate/college/business/articles/20050724.htm

Height Advantage? Experts Say Data On Shortness' Consequences Overstated
http://www.nwaonline.net/articles/2007/01/29/your_family/013007yfhealthheight.txt

Fact or Fiction?: It's No Tall Tale, Height Matters
Is it true that short people have a tougher time in life than their taller peers?
http://www.newsfood.com/?location=English&item=56513

Tall People Get Paid More
Tall people enjoy a lifelong advantage. Companies reward stature with a larger paycheck.
http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-20031020-000002.html

Baby Height Linked to Income as Adult
Male infants who grow slowly in the first year of life may wind up making less money in middle age, according to a British study. The researchers behind the study believe that slow growth in infancy may hamper brain development.
http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-20030611-000001.html

The Effect of Physical Height on Workplace Success and Income: Preliminary Test of a Theoretical Model (pdf journal article)
http://www.apa.org/journals/features/apl893428.pdf

Taller Women More Career-Driven
http://www.impactlab.com/2005/10/05/taller-women-more-career-driven/

How Much of an Advantage Do Tall Men Have? Are Tall Men Really Better Off?
http://www.sixwise.com/newsletters/05/08/03/how_much_of_an_advantage_do_tall_men_have_are_tall_men_really_better_off.htm

Heightism - Wikipedia entry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heightism

What is it worth to become taller?
http://scienceblogs.com/cognitivedaily/2007/01/what_is_it_worth_to_become_tal.php

Researchers discuss the effects of height on men's and women's careers (Baylor University)
http://www.baylor.edu/pr/index.php?id=18402

Europeans stretch for edge over New World
Americans have lost their height advantage, reports Kate Connolly in Munich
20th Century "Welfare State of Europe" suspected as primary cause
http://www.tonyrogers.com/news/europeans_getting_taller.htm

The Long And Short Of It
http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htatrit/articles/20090220.aspx

There is plenty of evidence of a correlation between height and income. (Not exactlly the same thing as correlating height and promotion chances, but the closest measure we can really have for statistical analysis.)

The explanation for that is not so clear. Theories include an evolutionary hangover where with our ancestors bigger meant stronger, more dominant, more likely to become the alpha male, and so we continue to afford status and respect based partly on size. Another theory is that height correlates with early nutrition, and means increased likelihood that the person came from a well-off background. So in that case it's not necessarily their height that leads to success in itself, more other benefits of their background such as better education, having the right contacts etc.

There have also been studies that show that when people are asked to esitmate the height of others, they tend to over-estimate the heights of people they see as high status, even people they know. So status increases your perceived hight as well as vice versa!

Some articles and papers that discuss studies along these lines:

http://www.economist.com/research/articlesBySubject/PrinterFriendly.cfm?story_id=9215769

http://www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10958949

http://www.princeton.edu/~accase/downloads/w14007_Case_Paxson_Islam.pdf

A study by Timothy Judge a University of Florida professor and Daniel Cable, a University of North Carolina professor found that people in the U.S. and U.K. earn an extra $789 a year in pay, per inch of height.
Judge,T. & Cable, D. (2004). "The effect of physical height on workplace success and income: preliminary test of a theoretical model." Journal of Applied Psychology. Jun;89(3):428-41.

I found this book
Height, Gender, and Authority Status at Work: Analyses for a National Sample of Canadian Workers
http://www.springerlink.com/content/101600/cover-medium.jpg
Here is the abstract:
The present study employs Multiple Classification Analysis to assess the generality of these patterns to a representative sample of full-time Canadian workers (2,210 males and 1,815 females) using seven alternative measures of authority status. The results for male workers, after controls, generally show significant positive relationships between height and authority status. The controlled analyses for female workers, however, do not. Additional analyses for males show height to be a comparatively strong predictor relative to other social background predictors of authority status. Alternative interpretations of the patterns of findings are discussed.

Other sites I visited say that:
Height in the Workplace - An interesting statistic shows that taller men are selected for employment positions or promotions three times more often than their shorter counterparts, when it's determined their skills are equal.
But they don't have any specific data to back it up.

Hope this helps.

Researchers from Princeton University have actually found a correlation between body height and success at work. Primarily their study found that taller individuals tend to have jobs with higher wages as well as jobs that require higher intelligence overall (especially verbal and numerical skills).
However, some of the differences in job performance may go back way before a person enters the workforce. Some decisive factors may be closely linked to childhood development during critical periods (especially between birth and age 3), when children grow not just physically, but also socially and emotionally. Some tall adults may have had access to healthy nutrition, excellent healthcare, and other care that increased his/her chances of healthy physical and mental development. Further, a tall adult who was a tall child at any age group may have been treated differently by both parents and other caretakers than a child who was small or of average height. For example, a grownup may have come to expect more of a tall child, associating height with certain age-appropriate skills and abilities that may be mastered by a child of an older age at the same height.
In a report in the Journal of Applied Psychology, Timothy Judge of University of Florida and Daniel Cable of University of North Carolina indicate that a relationship between height and workplace success may in fact exist. They found that overall success may come easier to tall individuals in general, since physical height is a socially desirable trait. In this sense, taller people may be seen as more attractive (as a partner) and more persuasive in a discussion. They are also more likely to be (instinctively) regarded as the leader of a certain situation (as someone to literally “look up to”).
There may be evolutionary value in height as well. In general, in nature animals can use height to dominate other animals, often prey, that is of smaller size. Thus, height is automatically associated with power and strength (whether they truly exist or not). On the other hand, some studies showed that persons of shorter stature often times felt socially awkward or even inadequate in the workplace and had to overcompensate with other behaviors (inferiority complex), such as over-aggressiveness in order to gain equal respect. Height seems to be especially relevant in positions that require authority of some kind. For instance, a tall police officer would operate more effectively (and may appear more threatening) than their shorter counterparts. The same was found with salespeople: An above-average height salesperson would be more successful with closing sales than a shorter salesperson. Another finding indicated that taller individuals were regarded as more competent, knowledgeable, or creditable.
On the other hand, it may be the case that tall individuals are indeed very alert to the perceptions of society that closely link their height with mental, physical, and social skills and abilities. As a result, tall individuals may have internalized these positive views about themselves, developed high self-esteem and confidence, and thus fulfill all expectations that accompany the role of height (a self-fulfilling prophecy). Then as they do well on various job assignments they are praised for doing a good job, stay motivated to maintain their outstanding job performance, build an exceptional work ethic, and thus confirm their employer’s views of them being superior members of the workforce.
For further information about the study conducted by Judge and Cable please refer to: http://www.apa.org/journals/features/apl893428.pdf, which provides a detailed account on potential correlations of success in the workplace and body height.