Is Mandarin a language or a dialect?
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http://chineseculture.about.com/cs/language/a/dialects.htm
"There are many Chinese dialects in China. It is hard to guess how many dialects exist, but they can be roughly classified into one of the seven large groups, i.e., Putonghua (Mandarin), Gan, Kejia (Hakka), Min, Wu, Xiang and Yue (Cantonese). Each language group contains a large number of dialects. These are the Chinese languages spoken mostly by the Han people, which represents about 92 percent of the total population. We will not get into the non-Chinese languages spoken by the minorities here, such as Tibetan, Mongolian and Miao. "
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But the written language of Chinese characters does not depend on the sounds of the words. So in the Chinese language, there is one written language that is used for many different spoken dialects. That's why these very different dialects are all grouped together as the same language -- they all have the same written language.
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For details u can see the link http://www.definitions.net/definition/Mandarin .
From Mandarin Garden Language & Culture Exchange(MandarinGarden.org)
Hope it helps.
Website:http://www.mandaringarden.org
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One is reminded of the quote from the scholar of Yiddish, Max Weinreich:
"A language is a dialect with an army and a navy." (translated from the original Yiddish).