3 years, 4 months ago
How successful has the reintroduction of the Przewalskis Horse been in China and Kazakhstan?
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M$2 Answers
It looks like the Mongolia project has been highly successful, but it might be relatively early to tell on the China and Kazakhstan projects.
I did find a resource that says the herd in China is doing pretty well, it just had a delayed breeding peak:
"In China, the first Przewalski's horse (Equus przewalskii) group was released in Kalamaili Ungulate Protected Area in Xinjiang, in August 2001. The objective of this study was to investigate reproduction and development of released Przewalski's horses in Xinjiang, China from 2002 to 2006. Twenty-four descendants were naturally born, average reproduction rate was 38.7%, and average survival rate of foals was 69.1% in this interim.
...
"These findings showed that the breeding peak of the released Przewalski's horse groups was later than the captive groups, and suggested that the altered survival environment and food supplies were the main reasons contributing to the delayed breeding peak." (http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jes/19/1/19_1/_article)
A drought in 2007 led the horses out of their usual territory, and 4 were hit by motorists, but steps have been taken to prevent that from happening in the future (http://www.china.org.cn/environment/news/2008-03/31/content_13934387.htm).
As to Kazakhstan, I could not find any data there -- can you provide some guidance as to when they were released? It might help. I did find reference to Uzbekistan at one point, so perhaps they are there and not in Kazakhstan?
I hope this is helpful in addition to the information about the relatively thriving and well-established population in Mongolia.
I did find a resource that says the herd in China is doing pretty well, it just had a delayed breeding peak:
"In China, the first Przewalski's horse (Equus przewalskii) group was released in Kalamaili Ungulate Protected Area in Xinjiang, in August 2001. The objective of this study was to investigate reproduction and development of released Przewalski's horses in Xinjiang, China from 2002 to 2006. Twenty-four descendants were naturally born, average reproduction rate was 38.7%, and average survival rate of foals was 69.1% in this interim.
...
"These findings showed that the breeding peak of the released Przewalski's horse groups was later than the captive groups, and suggested that the altered survival environment and food supplies were the main reasons contributing to the delayed breeding peak." (http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jes/19/1/19_1/_article)
A drought in 2007 led the horses out of their usual territory, and 4 were hit by motorists, but steps have been taken to prevent that from happening in the future (http://www.china.org.cn/environment/news/2008-03/31/content_13934387.htm).
As to Kazakhstan, I could not find any data there -- can you provide some guidance as to when they were released? It might help. I did find reference to Uzbekistan at one point, so perhaps they are there and not in Kazakhstan?
I hope this is helpful in addition to the information about the relatively thriving and well-established population in Mongolia.
source(s):
Extensive searching on Google scholar. All the following links pertain to the takhi and it's reintroduction, although most of them are on the Mongolia project.
-http://www.treemail.nl/takh/reserves/index.htm
-http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119217865/abstract
-http://ncane.com/2mot (far too long, article called "The 24-h time budget of a takh harem stallion (Equus ferus przewalskii) pre- and post-reintroduction")
-http://www.genetics.org/cgi/content/abstract/152/4/1701
-http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120100988/abstract
-http://ncane.com/v4q (short url, article called USE OF POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY MANAGEMENT PRIORITIES AND SUCCESS IN REINTRODUCING PRZEWALSKI'S HORSES TO SOUTHWESTERN MONGOLIA)
-http://ncane.com/j4nc (tiny url for Google Book /Equids/
By Patricia Des Roses Moehlman)
-http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jes/19/1/19_1/_article - great one for China
-http://ncane.com/yod (small url for Time budget-, behavioral synchrony- and body score development of a newly released Przewalski's horse group Equus ferus przewalskii, in the Great Gobi B strictly protected area in SW Mongolia)
-http://ncane.com/hl4 (small url for Reintroduction of takhi, Equus ferus przewalskii, to Hustai National Park, Mongolia: time budget and synchrony of activity pre- and post-release)
-http://ncane.com/e8f (small url for Google Book result /Przewalski's Horse/
By Lee Boyd, Katherine A. Houpt)
-http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fe20080917mb.html
-http://www.china.org.cn/environment/news/2008-03/31/content_13934387.htm
Extensive searching on Google scholar. All the following links pertain to the takhi and it's reintroduction, although most of them are on the Mongolia project.
-http://www.treemail.nl/takh/reserves/index.htm
-http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119217865/abstract
-http://ncane.com/2mot (far too long, article called "The 24-h time budget of a takh harem stallion (Equus ferus przewalskii) pre- and post-reintroduction")
-http://www.genetics.org/cgi/content/abstract/152/4/1701
-http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120100988/abstract
-http://ncane.com/v4q (short url, article called USE OF POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY MANAGEMENT PRIORITIES AND SUCCESS IN REINTRODUCING PRZEWALSKI'S HORSES TO SOUTHWESTERN MONGOLIA)
-http://ncane.com/j4nc (tiny url for Google Book /Equids/
By Patricia Des Roses Moehlman)
-http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jes/19/1/19_1/_article - great one for China
-http://ncane.com/yod (small url for Time budget-, behavioral synchrony- and body score development of a newly released Przewalski's horse group Equus ferus przewalskii, in the Great Gobi B strictly protected area in SW Mongolia)
-http://ncane.com/hl4 (small url for Reintroduction of takhi, Equus ferus przewalskii, to Hustai National Park, Mongolia: time budget and synchrony of activity pre- and post-release)
-http://ncane.com/e8f (small url for Google Book result /Przewalski's Horse/
By Lee Boyd, Katherine A. Houpt)
-http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fe20080917mb.html
-http://www.china.org.cn/environment/news/2008-03/31/content_13934387.htm
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Due to the cooperative venture between the Zoological Society of London and Mongolian scientists, there has been a successful reintroduction of Przewalski's horses from zoos into their natural habitat in Mongolia. As of 2005 there is a free-ranging population of 248 animals in the wild.
source(s):
wikipedia.com
wikipedia.com
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