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BEST ANSWER  chosen by asker   |  windowshopping  |  October 22, 2009 04:38 AM
If it has been quite some time since you used the fireplace/chimney, or if you are new to the house, make sure that the chimney is clean and free from obstructions. Bird will sometimes nest in chimneys and bats will sometimes take up residence, as well.

If you are certain that the chimney is unobstructed, you would want to check to make sure that the damper is open. The damper is a "door" in the chimney which is usually closed when the fireplace is not in use. There is usually a lever just inside the chimney to open or close the damper. To make sure that the damper is open and to begin to warm/preheat the chimney itself, use a long section of newspaper rolled into a tight cone. Light the cone and watch to see if the smoke is drafting up the chimney. If not, move the damper lever and keep watching. Once you are sure the damper is open and you are getting a good updraft, you should set your kindling and firewood. Roll another newspaper cone, light it, and watch the smoke draft. When you are satisfied that the smoke is drafting up the chimney, light the kindling to start your fire.

If you cannot get the smoke from your newspaper cone to draft up the chimney, do not light the fire! If you have tried all positions of the damper lever without success in creating a draft, it is possible that the damper is disconnected from the lever and is in the "closed" position. This might require the services of a chimney sweep.
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that was very helpful. I haven't tried it yet though. But I will try it when it cools off again.

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