This is a myth/conspiracy theory. There were no influenza vaccines in 1917. At the time, the causative agent of influenza was thought to be a bacterium (Hemophilus influenzae), and some US soldiers received H. influenzae immune serum to protect against infection. The influenza virus was first isolated in the 1930s, and it wasn't until World War II that the US military started using influenza vaccines.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_vaccine#Influenza
http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1864920,00.html

A more likely source for the 1918 flu pandemic was Haskell County, Kansas. Poultry and hog farms were common, providing ideal conditions for viral recombination to produce a new and dangerous strain of flu. The outbreak was documented and reported by a local physician and occurred shortly before the flu began spreading through military bases; meanwhile, the local newspaper reported about new enlistees reporting for duty at Fort Funston while many of their neighbors were recovering from what was described as "pneumonia."

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=340389

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