This is quite a complicated and involved question. Because there is so much that radiology and imaging is used for these days, and for lots of different medical situations. I can't give you a full rundown, but I will mention a couple things that I am aware of and give you some links for further reading.

There aren't many new technologies being discovered. It's mostly refining existing technologies to make them better, or applying existing technologies to new types of diagnostic tests.

For example:

Breast cancer scans: A lot of studies are ongoing about the best way to scan breast tissue for breast cancer. Molecular breast imaging, using MRI and other types of tools to improve diagnosis and scanning.

Resolution is getting better in the scans. They can pick up more detailed information and can catch things that are very subtle.
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Detection/breast-cancer
http://www.abcactionnews.com/content/taking_action_for_you/health/story/New-way-to-detect-breast-cancer/kIUULnd8V06R7iq9Z4M6GA.cspx

Example of indirect use of radiology imaging to improve health: Oxygen Ozone therapy. This is a therapy where oxygen and ozone are injected into and near bulging discs in the back. This reduces swelling and therefore reduces pain and pressure.

Well, you need to be able to measure if the injection is reducing the swelling somehow, and you have to have a very sensitive diagnostic tool to do that.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/090309092832.htm

A lot of radiology is also focusing on PACS, picture archiving and communications systems. Basically, so we've got the pictures, now how do we share them with other doctors and keep them on file for the future if needed? Essentially data management to be able to efficiently and effectively use the data that has been gathered.
http://www.rtstudents.com/pacs/index.htm

Now, there's a problem that is starting to happen though with the technology getting more precise. There's a lot more false positives, because the technologies are picking up things that aren't necessarily bad (esp in terms of cancer).
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1076633204007330

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