There are a few patents. But I'm sure the design problems were too high (specially weight to material resistance ratio) to ever be feasible on commercial airplanes.

http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=0&f=S&l=50&TERM1=parachute+airplane&FIELD1=&co1=AND&TERM2=&FIELD2=&d=PTXT
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I'm going to sidestep the actual question, and make a related point.

There isn't a lot of point in having parachutes on a commercial airliner. Most of the accidents are around take-off or landing, and chutes won't help. Also the passengers are untrained, and if they did jump from high altitude I wouldn't rate their chances of not breaking every bone in their body.

Airliners can fly on one engine, and they can glide on no engines. Even in the event of a catastrophic failure in mid-air, your best survival chance is to trust the pilot to bring the plane down more-or-less safely.

So basically unless you expect to enagage in air-to-air combat, I wouldn't bother with a parachute. :)

EDIT:

I think I misundestood the question. You actually want to know about a parachute for the airframe itself. don't you? Will have to think about that.
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