They actually have their own version...canine influenza. Along with adenovirus and parvo as mentioned by tracebooks.

http://www.hsus.org/pets/pets_related_news_and_events/questions_about_canine_flu.html
"Canine influenza is a newly identified respiratory illness of dogs. It is caused by a virus which is closely related to the horse flu virus. Because canine flu is an emerging disease, dogs have no natural immunity to it. Nearly all dogs exposed to the flu virus will get infected, but not all will have clinical (that is, visible) signs of the flu. Therefore, even dogs without clinical signs can pass the virus to others because they may be infected with it."

Dogs, however, are immune to the human form of influenza(or, the flu). The reason for this is that viruses have evolved to a specific "shape" depending on what cell they are going to attack. Different species have different "shapes" on their cells that match up. Think of it like the virus being a key, your body being the lock. If you try to fit that key into your dog, it's the wrong lock and doesn't work. A rather good explaination is here:

http://searchwarp.com/swa23476.htm
"Both bacterial and viral outer structure, consist of a receptor binding proteins. These proteins give the pathogen a certain geometry. This geometry allows the pathogen to attach to complementary receptor sites on the cells of the critter that they are trying to infect. Because of the wide variety of life forms on the planet, each cell type has a different arrangement of receptors. Most of the time, the pathogen’s geometry will not fit these receptors, and the critter remains immune. Only those unlucky few species, whose cell receptors do fit, are the ones that have to suffer the infection. "

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