Observations at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii have shown a drastic rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the last 50 years. The Vostock Ice Cores show a strong correlation between atmospheric CO2 and global temperatures over the past 300,000 years. Climate models can replicate the increase in average surface temperatures over the last 100 years by including anthropogenic forcing, but are otherwise flat. The simplest, most rational explanation for these three observations would be that human-induced CO2 emmissions have caused an increase in Earth's temperature. All three of these studies have been replicated multiple times with the same results, you can see all three charts together at the weather underground blog. Because of that and other evidence, the UN set up the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to further study climate change in 1988. The four IPCC reports produced since then have confirmed and found further evidence of continued global warming.
Source(s):
Weather Underground
http://www.wunderground.com/climate/

IPCC
http://www.ipcc.ch/about/index.htm

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