Are there more species emerging or more species becoming extinct?
What defines a new species?
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M$2 Answers
http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/FelixNisimov.shtml
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/03/2/l_032_04.html
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/01/020109074801.htm
The "new" species that continue to be discovered aren't necessarily new in the sense of having recently evolved. Many parts of the world are still relatively unexplored in terms of their biodiversity, and many species are highly localized in distribution, so a thorough sampling almost anywhere can turn up a previously unknown species. (A group of students in my undergraduate parasitology class found one in the local shark they were assigned to dissect.) Science Daily has a "New Species News" page with information on the latest discoveries.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/plants_animals/new_species/
The basic definition of a species is a group of organisms which interbreed and produce fertile offspring in the wild. However, this definition is somewhat vague and does not entirely take into account modern genetics. If a species becomes split into two isolated populations by some natural disaster, when do the separate groups become separate species? As soon as the natural barrier forms, the groups are unable to interbreed in the wild, but they may be genetically identical until differing environmental factors have selected for different traits in the two groups. The Wikipedia article actually gives a pretty good discussion of the "species problem."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species_problem
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M$A new species is a group of actually or potentially interbreeding individuals reproductively isolated from other such groups.All individuals
will meet a certain phenetic criteria.It includes all individuals who are similiar to one another and distinct from other such groups.
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M$
You correctly distinguish between 'emerging' and 'being discovered'. Estimations are that the majority of species have not even been discovered yet.
So this discussion quickly turns into the eternal philosophical question:"If a tree falls over, and no-one heard or saw it fall, did it actually fall?"
Expect a AotD nomination later today for this answer.