The Day the Universe Changed Episode 2

Medieval Conflict: Faith and Reason Part 1

@1:07: James Burke stops at a stop sign in the middle Tunisian Desert
@1:44: Inventors use patents to claim their inventions
@2:31: James Burke is in the city of Tunis articulating how through Science and Technology our standard of living has gone up
@3:11: James Burke explains our culture today is the opposite of what used to be; where we are facing forward rather then backwards
@3:30: As the Ancient Roman empire was falling apart, in Ancient Carthage during the 6th Century BCE a lawyer named Martianus Capella tried to salvage the Roman educational techniques
@4:10: Augustine of Hippo didn't want to figure out the world, but wanted to look forward to the second life
@6:08: Barbarians enjoyed farming and drinking
@6:53: Monks regularity visited remote Barbarians
@7:40: To Monks, nature was nothing more than symbols

@0:30: For centuries in Europe people believed their status was given to them by God
@1:22: On Christmas Day, year 800, Charlemagne was crowned by the Pope
@1:34: When Charlemagne took over, all but some priests were illiterate
@1:46: Charlemagne brought in intelligent people like Alcuin of York to begin the educational system using the same educational methods that Martianus Capella salvaged in 6th Century BCE
@2:27: Seven Liberal Arts: Music, astronomy, arithmetic, geometry, grammar, rhetoric and logic
@3:34: By the year 950, Europe was back on it's feet and by the year 1000 trade had begun and the very first European marketplaces opened up.
@4:27: The birth of consumerism and the concept of eating out
@5:25: By 1050 Bologna, Italy was a vibrant trade route between northern and southern Europe
@7:23: Bologna had many status symbols
@8:00: 1076 Ancient Roman Law was discovered

@0:38: El Cid led Christian Crusades to liberate southern Spain from the Arabs
@1:10 The Mezquita in Cordova, Spain took 200 years to build and was the 2nd largest mosque next to Mecca
@1:50: In 970 there were mo1re books in Cordova, Spain then there were in the whole of France, not to mention 70 libraries
@2:44: The Spanish Arabs of Cordova enjoyed the amenities that the best technology and engineering of the time could offer
@3:20: Arab Spain gave Europe paper, poetry, desserts and more
@3:46: El Cid's Christian armies were comprised of mercenaries
@4:25:: In 1080, Alfonso VI of Castile took advantage of a vulnerable Arab Spain to claimed a Crusade victory at Toledo Spain
@4:30: James Burke calls the Crusades in Spain "great Christian Propaganda"
@4:50: Marriage between Christians and Arabs was common in 11th Century Spain
@4:47: The fall of Toledo Spain in 1085 is a Christian Myth
@6:12: Toledo Spain was a treasure trove for European scholars because it contained so much knowledge
@6:30: It took 150 years for scholars to translate the Arabic texts into Latin
@7:18: Soon the knowledge of botany, zoology, biology, math, geometry, medicine, chemistry, optics, engineering, architecture, astronomy, pharmacology, Philosophy, anatomy and meteorology flooded into Europe
@7:45: James Burke enjoys a bottle of wine
@8:14: All the knowledge is thanks to Aristotle, who categorized everything

@0:10: Aristotle's logic led to synergism which, when combined with Ancient Greek and Ancient Arab knowledge, ended the Middle Ages
@1:26: At the end of the 12th Century in Bologna, Italy, the translation of ancient texts led to the institutionalization of knowledge
@1:40: James Burke is at The University of Bologna
@5:08: The Catholic Church was having problems with members being skeptical
@6:01: Peter Abelard caused problems for the Catholic Church by pointing out many Biblical Contradictions
@6:28: William of Conches and Thierry of Chartres took the Bible apart during the 12th Century and this was unthinkable
@7:21: Chartres Cathedral were architectural marvels of the time, complete with arches and stained glass windows
@9:39: By 1210 the Pope had banned Aristotle and Arab books, the students went on strike

@0:25: Theodoric of Freiberg experimented with rainbows in 1304 to find out what made colors
@1:20: Using a spherical flask filled with water, Theodoric of Freiberg could see four colours: Red, yellow, blue and green
@2:55: Theodric's theories on light radically changed how people thought
@3:40: In Western culture, change in is happening so rapidly it's getting increasingly difficult for the developing world to catch up