Philosophes

The Mahalo Top 7

1. Wikipedia:Philosophe
2. Washington State University: The European Enlightenment:The Philosophes
3. Questia: Les Philosophes: The Philosophers of the Enlightenment and Modern Democracy  
4. Fordham University: Modern Western Civ. 9: The French Enlightenment
5. TheCaveOnline: Study Guide for the Enlightenment - The Philosophes
6. Nipissing University: Enlightenment Thought
7. LearningSpace: The Encyclopédie | Video - The Encyclopédie (Time: 5:20)

Philosophes Background and Profiles

• ThinkQuest: The Enlightenment, A Summary of What Happened

Jean Jacques Rousseau

• Wikipedia: Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
• YouTube Video: Discourse on the Arts and Sciences by Jean-Jacques Rousseau (Time:64:23)

Charles Montesquieu

• Mahalo's Guide to Baron de Montesquieu
• Wikipedia: Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu
• A Short Biography: Baron de Montesquieu
• Catholic Encyclopedia: Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu
• YouTube Video: The Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755), Alan Macfarlane (Time: 51:21)

Voltaire

• Mahalo's Guide to Voltaire
• Wikipedia: Voltaire
• Lucidcafe.com: Voltaire | Author and Philosopher
• The Great Debate: The Life of Voltaire

David Hume

• Mahalo's Guide to David Hume
• Wikipedia: David Hume
• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Hume on Free Will
• Project Gutenberg: Hume by Thomas Henry Huxley

Adam Smith

• Mahalo's Guide to Adam Smith
• Wikipedia: Adam Smith
• The Library of Economics and Liberty: The Theory of Moral Sentiments
• Foundation for Economic Education: Adam Smith: Moral Philosopher
• YouTube Video: Adam Smith (1733-1790) (Time: 47:41)

Denis Diderot

• Mahalo's Guide to Denis Diderot
• Wikipedia: Denis Diderot
• Project Gutenburg eBook: Diderot and the Encyclopædists (Vol 1 of 2) by John Morley
• Brandeis University: Denis Diderot (1713 - 1784)

Philosophes Images and Videos

• Google Images: Philosophes Images
• Yahoo! Images: Philosophes Images
• YouTube Video: Rousseau vs Locke (Time: 6:15)

Philosophes Books and Research

• Amazon.com: Philosophes Books
• Google Books: Philosophes Books
• Google Books: Les Philosophes: The Philosophers of Enlightenment and Modern Democracy]
• Google Books:: The Philosophes and Post -Revolutionary France
• The Philosopher's Magazine: Do Philosophers Love Wisdom?

Philosophes Blogs and Message Boards

• Beastrabban's Weblog: The Philosophes: Pillars of the Enlightenment but not Democracy (May 18, 2008)
• The Corner (National Review Online): Voltaire, Rousseau (April 30, 2008)
• The Ends of Thought: Diderot, the Will, and the Self (April 5, 2008)
• BlogRodent: Philosophes (January 1, 2006)

Philosophes Timeline

• 1721: Montesquieu publishes Persian Letters focusing on the use of reason to liberate the mind.
• 1739: David Hume publishes Treaties on Human Nature.
• 1748: Montesquieu publishes Spirit of Laws
• 1750: Rousseau publishes his Discourse on the Moral Effects of the Arts and Sciences
• 1752: Diderot publishes the first volume of the Encyclopédie.
• 1762: Rousseau writes The Social Contract, detailing the "contract" between the state and the people.
• 1762: Jean Calas was executed, charged with killing his son who wanted to convert to Catholicism.
• 1763: Voltaire, believing Calas was an innocent man, publishes A Treaty on Tolerance about the case.
• 1776: Adam Smith publishes The Wealth of Nations.
• 1780: The final volume of the Encyclopédie is completed.

Philosophe Satire and Humor

• Quia: Statements of the Philosphes  
• YouTube Video: The Philosophes (Time: 9:01)