Overclocking

Overclocking is when a computer's component is set to run faster than it is intended to. The purpose of increasing a component's clock speed is to have higher processing speeds, allowing the computer to make more calculations than it otherwise would. Typically this process is applied to CPUs, but it can also be applied to graphics cards, RAM, and mainboards. People often overclock as a hobby, but it can fulfill the practical purpose of allowing an outdated computer to run newer (and more demanding) software or maximizing the performance of a newer system.

Overclocking is achieved by adjusting settings in a computer's BIOS, then adjusting the mainboard to route more electricity through the overclocked component. Although it improves performance, it comes with serveral risks: in the case of CPUs, the excess electricity drastically overheats the CPU. In other cases, the electricity can short out circuits, often resulting in permanent damage.

Usually overclocking is accompanied by some method of enhanced CPU cooling, such as larger heat sinks and fans, or even special liquid cooling units that use water or more exotic liquids like nitrogen or 3M's proprietary Fluorinert. There are various other cooling methods that do not require a liquid coolant.

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