Milk

Guide Note

Milk is produced by the mammary glands of all female mammals and is the primary food for infant mammals. In the modern industrialized world, milk is produced and distributed primarily from cows. India, the United States and China are the world's largest producers of milk.

Fast Facts

1. First used as food in Middle East
2. Holstein breed: 90% U.S. dairy cows
3. Pasteurized to kill harmful bacteria
4. Rich in Calcium and Vitamin D
5. "Skim" or "Nonfat" milk must contain less than 0.5% butterfat

Though milk undoubtedly contains many essential vitamins, nutritionists have continually debated about the health benefits and risks of milk consumption.

Milk contains minerals that promote bone and cardiovascular health. It is also a good source of thiamine which promotes proper brain function. Several studies, however, show that people who drink several glasses of milk per day are at a higher risk of developing Parkinson's disease and prostate cancer. Much of this evidence is largely inconclusive, and most nutritionists believe that a moderate amount of milk consumption into adulthood will likely have no negative effects.

Louis Pasteur's process of heating liquid to kill harmful bacteria revolutionized the distribution of milk. Pasteurization makes it possible to further ensure the freshness and cleanliness of the product. Despite the destruction of preliminary bacteria, milk can still go sour and should be consumed before its expiration date.