How to Make Sushi

Before You Start Making Sushi

• First, you'll want to decide what kind of Sushi you want to make. There are several distinctive varieties.

Nigiri from a sushi restaurant. (Creative Commons photo by Jessica)

1. Nigiri-zushi are bundles of rice, topped with wasabi and fish. Once served, nigiri should be taken by the fingers and dipped fish-side only into soy sauce.
2. Sashimi is simply raw fish, sliced thinly, served without rice.
   • Sashimi can consist of salmon, squid, or other fresh seafood.
   • Martha Stewart's website has a simple recipe for Sashimi Salad made with fresh tuna.
3. Chirashi-zushi is prepared in a bowl, with several different kinds of fish and vegetables mixed in with rice. It can almost be described as a sushi salad. Check out this helpful step-by-step from East Sea Road on how to prepare Chirashi-zushi
4. Oshizushi literally means "pressed sushi". It is made by layering the ingredients on top of rice in a wooden mold, known as an Oshizushi-Bako.
   • Sushi Day has a helpful post on How to make Oshizushi
   • Oshizushi Boxes are available from Amazon.com
5. Maki-zushi is rice and seafood, rolled up in nori seaweed. This is the most popular variety of sushi in America, and it is what we will be making in the steps below.

How to Make Sushi Advertisements

• Amazon.com: Joyce Chen Sushi Kit (Partner)
• Amazon.com: Joyce Chen Sushi Knife (Partner)
• Amazon.com: Sushi for Dummies (Partner)
• Amazon.com: Hime Japanese Horseradish Powder, Sushi Wasabi, 1-Ounce Cans (Pack of 10) (Partner)

What You'll Need To Make Sushi

• In order to make Maki-zushi, you will need the following ingredients:

1. Sushi or Sashimi-Grade Fish
   • Despite popular belief, there is no official definition for the term "sushi-grade". The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not determine safety standards for raw fish.
   • In order for seafood to be safe for consumption in sushi, it must be frozen at under -4°F for a significant enough time to have killed any parasites.
   • Although many markets are starting to carry Sashimi-grade fish, you should not assume that all fish from your local market has gone through the necessary steps to destroy parasites. Do not assume that fish is safe to eat raw unless it is clearly labeled as "Sashimi-Grade".
   • The following online vendors offer Sashimi-Grade seafood: Catalina Offshore Products | Honolulu Fish Company
   • 

     Pouring Rice (Photo by Mahalo)
2. Two vegetables or other fillings
   • Vegetables are your best opportunity for creativity when making sushi.
   • Some popular fillings include cucumber, avocado, carrots and asparagus.
3. Short-Grained Rice
   • Typical long-grained rice used in many American dishes will not work for your sushi, as it will not take on the necessary, sticky consistency.
4. Rice Vinegar
   • For best results, use only Japanese rice vinegar.
   • There are several varieties of Seasoned rice vinegar, often made with sake, that can be used if desired.
   • Check out this blog post from The Perfect Pantry for a helpful overview of Japanese rice vinegars.
5. Nori
   • Nori is a thin sheet of seaweed, ideal for rolling sushi. Nori can be ordered online through igourmet, Amazon.com, or purchased at Asian specialty stores.
6. Ginger Root
   • The ginger served alongside sushi is pickled and sliced thinly. This is called "Gari".
   • You can buy pre-made gari, or make it yourself from using rice vinegar, sugar, and ginger root.
   • 

     Ginger Root (Photo by Mahalo)
   • Gari should be eaten between sushi courses to cleanse the palate. See the section below on making fresh gari.
7. Wasabi
   • Wasabi plants naturally grow only in certain river valleys of Japan. For this reason, buying fresh wasabi root can be quite expensive. In fact, there is a good chance that you have never tried real wasabi. The "wasabi" served typically at sushi restaurants is actually an imitation product made of horseradish and mustard seed.
   • Fresh Wasabi Rhizomes can be purchased online from Real Wasabi and Pacific Farms USA.
   • The section below on making wasabi covers both versions of this food.
8. Soy Sauce
   • Any common brand of soy sauce will work fine for your sushi.
   • Remember, do not pour the soy sauce over the sushi, and only dip it "fish-side-up".

• You will also need the following accessories:

1. Sharp Knife
   • Any standard kitchen knife, kept sharp, will do, though you may want to get a special sushi knife. They can be purchased at any kitchen accessories store, or you can find them online at Amazon.com or compare prices through NexTag.
2. Bamboo Mat
   • Bamboo Mats are placed under your sushi and make it easier to roll. They can be purchased as part of a "sushi kit", which may also contain chopsticks, rice molds, and "how-to" books.
   • Amazon.com has a wide variety of sushi kits.

Making Sushi Rice

Using a rice cooker (Photo by Mahalo)

• Below is an abbreviated version of our instructions from How to Make Perfect Sushi Rice.

1. Prepare the rice vinegar by heating it with sugar and salt until they are dissolved.
2. Rinse the rice in cold water for several minutes.
3. Steam in a rice cooker.
4. One can alternately bring water to a boil, add the rice, then cook over very low heat until the water is evaporated. This will leave the rice sticky and perfect for spreading on your nori.
5. Either use the rice soon after preparing it, or cover it with a damp cloth to keep it moist.
6. Do not refrigerate the cooked rice.

Advertisement

• Amazon.com: Rice Cooker Search on Amazon (Partner)

Rolling and Cutting the Sushi

1. Put a sheet of plastic wrap over the bamboo mat.
2. Place Nori down on the bamboo mat. Typically, the shinier side is put face down.
3. With damp hands, grab the cooked rice and spread it onto the Nori. The layer of rice should be thin enough so that you can see the nori underneath.
4. Leave about half an inch of space at the edge of the nori furthest from you, and rub a bit of warm water on it. This will help the two sides of nori stick together.
5. Line up your ingredients in the middle of the nori. A detailed blog post on these first few steps can be found at Coconut & Lime
   • 

     Rolling Sushi (Photo by Mahalo)
6. Holding the closest edge of the bamboo mat, roll the sushi away from you.
7. Tighten the roll as you go, the same way you would a rug to minimize excess space. Be careful not to make it too tight, however, or fillings may start to fall out.
8. Once tightened, you should be able to unwrap the bamboo without the roll coming apart.
9. Cover your roll with the bamboo mat and press your hands over it to further pack the roll.
10. Move your full roll to a cutting board. Slice it first down the middle. From there you can cut it into sixths or eighths, whichever you prefer.

• Detailed photos on sushi rolling are available at Sushi Cup.  

Plating and Presenting Sushi

Completed Sushi (Photo by Mahalo)

• Much of the fun of making your own sushi is in serving it to guests. You may want to buy special plates for sushi and soy sauce.

1. Sushi plates come in a variety of styles. Feel free to decide what will look best for your kitchen.
2. Typically, sushi is presented on rectangular plates, with 6 to 8 pieces gathered in the middle. However, don't be afraid to try something new, like this leaf-shaped plate from Sur La Table or this "time plate" from Chiasso.
3. For more sushi plates, see these selections from MSN Shopping or compare prices through BizRate.
4. Smaller plates for soy sauce or wasabi are often only available in sushi sets. If you will be making sushi often, you may want to invest in one of these. Look for these online at Amazon.com or Asian Art Mall

• Amazon.com: Sushi Plate Sets on Amazon (Partner)

Making Gari

1. The only ingredients you need to make gari are ginger root, rice vinegar, and sugar.
2. 4-6 ounces of ginger will make about one serving of gari.
3. Rinse the ginger root with water and peel off all the skin.
4. Slice the ginger thinly.
5. Mix the sugar in with the rice vinegar. For one serving, about one cup of vinegar should do. Generally, three parts vinegar to two parts sugar is a good ratio.
6. Bring the mixture to a boil, then pour it over the sliced ginger.
7. Let the ginger cool. You will notice the color changing to its recognizable pink. Once it cools to room temperature, you can store it in the refrigerator until ready to serve.

Making Wasabi

Making Fresh Wasabi

Fresh Wasabi Root. (Creative Commons photo by Gideon)

1. Fresh wasabi should be consumed within twenty minutes of grating, so do this just before serving the sushi.
2. Rinse the wasabi rhizome in water.
3. Peel the skin, paying special attention to any bumps or grooves. The surface should be relatively smooth when you're done.
4. Holding the root perpendicular to a grater, grate the wasabi and gather into a pile.
5. Wait just a few moments before serving. The flavor and intensity will take a short time to develop.
6. Check out Fiery-Foods and Hot Sauce Blog for some helpful tips on finding and using fresh wasabi.

Imitation Wasabi

1. Imitation wasabi can be purchased in tubes online or at specialty Asian markets.
2. You can also buy wasabi powder online at The Spice House or compare prices through Nextag.
3. Simply combine the powder with warm water until it forms a paste. Keep in mind that some wasabi powders contain very little authentic wasabi, and some contain none at all.

How to Eat Sushi

• If you make your own sushi, you may want to immerse yourself in the traditional Japanese culture surrounding sushi eating. This will also be beneficial when eating sushi at a Japanese restaurant or sushi bar. Though you may not be thrown out of a restaurant for eating sushi incorrectly, these steps will save you any confusion and potential embarrassment.

Using Chopsticks

1. In general, chopsticks are only used for picking up sashimi. Sushi is eaten with one's fingers.
2. When not eating, chopsticks should either be placed in front of you on the table or across your plate. It is considered impolite to lean your chopsticks from the table onto your plate.

Enjoying sushi (Photo by Mahalo)

Eating Sushi

1. Pour some soy sauce onto a small place. Don't go overboard. Using too much soy sauce can make you look gluttonous.
2. Pick up the sushi with your fingers and dip only the fish side into the soy sauce. Typically, one avoids getting soy sauce on the rice.
3. Try to eat the entire piece in a single bite. If this is not possible, two bites are acceptable, as long as one does not put down the sushi between bites.
4. Once you swallow, cleanse your palate with a small piece of gari.
5. This is the culmination of all your hard work. Enjoy!

Sushi Variations

• California Roll is a popular style of sushi in America. In this version, the sticky rice covers the outside, and the seaweed wrap is on the inside.
• Spider Roll is a maki-zushi with crab meat instead of fish.
• Philadelphia Roll is a particularly westernized variety, consisting of smoked salmon, cream cheese, and onion.
• Tekkamaki contains raw tuna, and is often made into a smaller roll than traditional Maki-zushi.
• Dragon Roll is rice-side-out sushi with japanese leaves, tempura shrimp, cucumber sticks, avocado, and barbecued eel.
• Sushi 4 Me presents this recipe for Tropicana, made with salmon, avocado, and banana.

Subscribe to Mahalo's Weekly How To Email Newsletter

• Get our best How To tips and ideas in your inbox each week
• Email
  

More Sushi Making Resources

• Mahalo Daily: Veronica Belmont Visits Sasabune
• 
  
  
• Howcast: How To Make Sushi
• About.com Video: How To Make a California Roll  
• Wikihow: How to Practice Sushi Etiquette
• Sushi Resource: Sushi 4 Me
• Sushi Questions and Answers: Sushi FAQ  
• YouTube: The Hippy Gourmet makes Veggie Sushi
• The Nibble: Sushi and Sashimi Glossary
• All Recipes: Sushi Roll
• Better Homes and Gardens: How to Roll Sushi