History of Italy

The Mahalo Top 7

1. Wikipedia: History of Italy | History of the Italian Republic
2. G.B.Arcaini: The History of Italy
3. International World History Project: Italy, A History
4. HistoryWorld: History of Italy
5. Google Books: Italy: A Popular Account of the Country, Its People, and Its Institutions
6. Military History Online: Giuseppe Garibaldi: Motivations for a Unified Italy (July 29, 2006)
7. Italy Revisited: Photo and Recipe Archive

Current Italian Structure

• Official Site: Chamber of Deputies (Italian Parliament) in English | in Italian
• Official Site: Italian Senate (Italian Parliament) in English | in Italian
• Wikipedia: Birth of the Italian Republic
• CIA World Factbook: Italy
• Embassy of Italy in Washington: An Alliance that Bridges the Atlantic
• BC Journal of International Affairs (johns Hopkins): Italian Immigration Policies (Spring 2008)
• NPR: New Italy Sings Same Old Song of Dysfunction (March 10, 2008)

History of Italy Timeline

• BC (all dates are approximate)
• 2000: Latins arrive in Italy.
• 1200: The Etruscan civilization emerges.
• 753: Founding of the City of Rome.
• 750: Greeks establish the Magna Graecia
• 509: The Roman Republic forms.
• 480 - 307: Sicilian Wars
• 340 – 338: Latin War
• 58: Julius Caesar becomes governor of Roman Gaul.
• 44: Julius Caesar is assassinated.
• Roman Empire
• BC
• 31: The Roman Empire is established by Augustus.
• 27: Pax Romana begins.
• AD
• 69: Year of the Four Emperors
• 72: Construction of the Roman Colosseo (Colosseum) begins.
• 79: The city of Pompeii is destroyed by Mount Vesuvius.
• 180: Pax Romana ends  
• 312: Emperor Constantine grants Christians their religious freedom.
• 476: Germans remove Romulus Augustulus and install Italy’s first barbarian King, Odovacar.
• 493: Theodoric the Great kills Odovacar and becomes ruler of Italy.
• 1003: The dynasty of the Royal House of Savoy begins.
• 1173: Construction starts on the Leaning Tower of Pisa.
• Italian Renaissance
• 1348: Black Death arrives.
• 1452: Leonardo da Vinci born.
• 1494: Charles VIII invades Italy.
• 1530: The city of Florence holds La Lotto de Firenze, the first lottery to award cash prizes.
• 1564: Galileo Galilei is born on February 15.
• 1582: Pope Gregory XIII issues a decree establishing the Gregorian calendar.
• 1618: Thirty Years War begins.
• 1796: Napoleon Bonaparte wages his Italian Campaign.
• 1805: The Kingdom of Italy is established by King Napoleon.
• 1815: The Risorgimento (resurgence) begins.
• 1848: The First Italian War of Independence occurs.
• 1850: La Cosa Nostra (Italian Mafia) forms in Sicily.
• 1859: The Second Italian War of Independence (Austro-Sardinian War) is fought.
• A United Nation
• 1860 - 1861: Unification of Italy
• 1862: Giuseppe Garibaldi unsuccessfully attempts to invade the Papal States.
• 1866: The Third Italian War of Independence (Seven Weeks War)
• 1889: Pizza Margherita is created by Raffaele Esposito.
• 1870: Rome becomes the capital city of a united Italy.
• 1871: Italy becomes an autonomous nation.
• 1892: The Italian Socialist Party forms.
• 1911 - 1912: Libya is conquered in the Italo-Turkish War
• 1915 - 1918: World War I
• 1919: Benito Mussolini creates the Fascist Party in Italy.
• 1922: March on Rome; Mussolini overtakes the King and becomes Italy’s ruler.
• 1929: Lateran Treaty establishes Vatican City.
• 1939: Italy Signs the Pact of Steel with Germany.
• 1943 - 1945: World War II Italian Campaign.
• 1944: June 4, Allied forces capture Rome.
• 1945: Benito Mussolini is assassinated.
• 1946: King Umberto II abdicates the throne as the last King of Italy.
• Modern Day Italy
• 1946: Citizens elect to become the Italian Republic on June 2.
• 1946: The current design of the Italian flag was adopted.
• 1947: The Italian Constitution is established.
• 1948: The Marshall Plan is signed to aide Italy in rebuilding after WWII.
• 1955: Italy joins the United Nations.
• 1957: Italy signs the Treaty of Rome and joins the the European Community on March 25.
• 1970: The first divorce law is passed by parliament.
• 1974: The first referendum is held to vote on the 1970 divorce law.
• 1978: Abortion is legalized in May.
• 1980: A neo fascist bomb explodes in Bologna on August 2.
• 1983 : Bettino Craxi is elected the first Socialist Prime Minister.
• 1984: The Lateran Treaty is revised and ends Catholicism’s status as the state religion.
• 1991: Operation Desert Storm
• 1994: Silvio Berlusconi becomes Prime Minister.
• 1995: Silvio Berlusconi resigns.
• 2001: Berlusconi is elected Prime Minister for a second time.
• 2006: April, Election controversy between Romano Prodi and Silvio Berlusconi erupts.
• 2007: Opera singer Luciano Pavarotti, dies on September 6.
• 2008: Government collapses after Prime Minster Prodi loses a confidence vote on January 24.
• 2008: President Giorgio Napolitano dissolves the Italian Parliament on February 6.
• 2008: Berlusconi is named Prime Minister for a third time on April 15.

History of Italy Major Events

Italian Renaissance

• Wikipedia: Italian Renaissance
• European University Institute: Renaissance and Reformation by William Gilbert (E-Book)
• Boise State University: The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy by Jacob Burckhardt (E-Book)
• Washington State University: The Early Modern / The Italian Renaissance
• PBS: Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance

Italian Unification

• Wikipedia: Italian Unification
• The Victorian Web: Italian Wars of Independence First | Third
• Marko Marelic: Italian unification, 1848-1870
• Military History Online: Italian Unification

Italy during World War II

• Wikipedia: Military History of Italy during World War II
• Ibiblio: Mussolini's War Statement (December 11, 1941)
• Comando Supremo: Italy at War

History of Italy Major Historical Figures

Giuseppe Garibaldi

• Wikipedia: Giuseppe Garibaldi
• Bartleby.com: Giuseppe Garibaldi
• Brown University: Garibaldi and the Risorgimento
• University of South Carolina: The Anthony P. Campanella Collection of Giuseppe Garibaldi

Dante Alighieri

• Wikipedia: Dante Alighieri
• Great Dante: Dante Alighieri on the Web
• The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Dante Alighieri
• Columbia University: Digital Dante

Federico Fellini

• Wikipedia: Federico Fellini
• IMDb: Federico Fellini  
• Bright Lights Film Journal: An Interview with Federico Fellini
• Senses of Cinema: Federico Fellini

Antonio Meucci

• Wikipedia: Antonio Meucci
• Italian Historical Society of America: Antonio Meucci
• Basilio Catania: Antonio Meucci -- Questions and Answers
• The Hebrew University of Jerusalem: Santi Giuseppe Meucci

History of Italy Maps and Media

• Perry-Castañeda Library/ University of Texas: Map of Ancient Italy | Maps of Italy
• CulturalResources: Italy in the X, XII, XIII and XV Centuries
• World History at KMLA: Historical Atlas, Italy
• Library of Congress: Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library & Renaissance Culture
• Queens University: Atlas of Napoleonic Cartography in Italy

History of Italy Books and Research

• AbeBooks: History of Italy Books
• Google Books: The History of Italy: From the Fall of the Western Empire... | The History of Italy   
• Powell's Books: A Concise History of Italy
• EuroDocs at Brigham Young University: History of Italy: Primary Documents  
• Project Gutenberg: Italy at War and the Allies in the West

History of Italy Blogs and Message Boards

• UNRV: Ancient Roman Empire Forums
• H-Net Discussion Networks: H-Italy Discussion Logs
• Axis History Forum: Italy under Fascism 1922-1945
• The History Blog: Roma, Caput Mundi (May 9th, 2008)

History of Italy Satire and Humor

• HarpWeek: Cartoon of the Day: Italy collection
• Hadrians.com: Ancient Rome History Jokes

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