Crusades
The Mahalo Top 7
- Wikipedia: Crusades
- International World History Project: The Crusades
- University of Calgary: End of Europe's Middle Ages - Crusades
- Eyewitness to History: The Crusaders Capture Jerusalem, 1099
- PBS: The Crusades
- Catholic Encyclopedia: Crusades
- Google Video: The Crusades Part 01 (Time: 1:11:00) | Part 02 (Time: 26:00)
Crusades Background and Causes
- Wikipedia: Immediate Cause of the First Crusade
- History Guide: The Holy Crusades
- Medieval Sourcebook (Fordham University): The Crusade of Frederick II, 1228-29
- HistoryNet: Third Crusade: Siege of Acre
- Boise State University: Crusades Online Course
- Middle Ages: Cause of the Crusades
- MedievalCrusades.com: Crusade Articles and Information
Islamic Perspective
- Wikipedia: Islamic Perspective on the Crusades
- Dumbarton Oaks: ...Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium... (2001) (64 KB)
- Al-Ahram Weekly: The Crusades Through Muslim Eyes, review (March 2000)
Criticism of the Crusades
- Wikipedia: Dissent Against the Concept of Crusades
- Medieval Sourcebook (Fordham University): Annales Herbipolenses, 1147, Hostilie View of the Crusade
- Crusades Encyclopedia: Criticism of Crusading
Legacy of the Crusades
- Wikipedia: Legacy of the Crusades
- Sword History: Sword and Buckler Fighting among the Lost Crusaders
- University of Wisconsin Digital Collection: The Impact of the Crusades on Europe
- BBC News: Crusaders 'left genetic legacy' (March 27, 2008)
- Australia/Israel & Jewish Affairs Council: Fighting Faiths (September 2005)
- Catholic Education Resource Center: Rethinking the Crusades (March 2000)
Crusades Central Figues
Pope Urban II
- Wikipedia: Pope Urban II
- Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope Bl. Urban II
- IgnatiusInsight.com: Urban II: The Pope of the First Crusade
- University of Michigan: Pope Urban II
Godfrey of Bouillon
- Wikipedia: Godfrey of Bouillon
- Catholic Encyclopedia: Godfrey of Bouillon
- Crusades Encyclopedia: Godfrey de Bouillon
Pope Innocent III
- Wikipedia: Pope Innocent III
- Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope Innocent III
- Crusades Encyclopedia: Pope Innocent III
Richard the Lionheart
- Mahalo's Guide to Richard I, the Lionheart
- Wikipedia: Richard I of England
- Eyewitness to History: Richard The Lionheart Massacres The Saracens, 1191
Knights Templar
- Mahalo's Guide to the Knights Templar
- Wikipedia: Knights Templar
- Catholic Encyclopedia: The Knights Templar
- Middle Ages: Knights Templar
Crusades Images and Videos
- Google Video: Crusades Videos
- Google Images: Crusades Photos
- Yahoo! Images: Crusades Photos
- Google Video: The Crusades: Crescent and the Cross (Time 1h31)
Crusades Books and Research
- Amazon.com: Crusades Book Search
- Amazon.com: A History of the Crusades Vol. I
- Google Books: The History of the Crusades: For the Recovery and the Possession of the Holy Land
- Google Books: The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives
Crusades Blogs and Message Boards
- Catholic Community Forum: "Crusade": History of the Idea (April 10, 2008)
- Gospel.com: Church History’s Darkest Moment? Looking Back at the Crusades (January 30, 2008)
- The Crusades: Introduction (December 14, 2007)
- JoeUser.com: Islamic View of the Crusades (February 6, 2006)
- Godspy: The Real History of the Crusades, by Thomas F. Madden (August 15, 2005)
Crusades Timeline
- 1076: Muslims capture Jerusalem.
- 1095: Pope Urban II calls for a crusade to retake Jerusalem.
- 1099: Crusaders capture Jerusalem.
- 1100: Godfrey of Bouillon, first King of Jerusalem, dies.
- 1118: Hugh of Payns creates the Order of the Temple.
- 1124: Tyre falls to the Crusaders.
- 1144: Zengi takes Edessa, sparking the Second Crusade.
- 1147: Lisbon falls to the crusaders.
- 1160: Crusaders begin invasions of Egypt.
- 1174: Saladin takes Damascus.
- 1187: Saladin takes most of Latin Jerusalem.
- 1190: Kings Philip of France and Richard of England set out on the Third Crusade.
- 1191: The Crusaders lay siege to the city of Acre.
- 1193: Saladin dies.
- 1198: Pope Innocent II calls for the Fourth Crusade.
- 1204: Fourth crusade sacks Constantinople.
- 1208: Pope Innocent III calls for the Fifth, or Albigensian, Crusade.
- 1221: Fifth Crusaders surrender in the Nile delta.
- 1227: Frederick II is excommunicated for not beginning a crusade before the Pope's deadline.
- 1228: Frederick begins the Sixth crusade.
- 1229: Al-Kamil surrenders Jerusalem to Emperor Frederick II.
- 1248: King Louis IX departs for the Holy Land on the Seventh Crusade.
- 1270: Louis dies in North Africa on the Eighth Crusade.
- 1271: King Edward I of England leads the Ninth Crusade in a failed attempt to defeat the sultan of Baibers.
- 1272: Edward returns home to England upon learning of the death of his father, King Henry III.
Crusades in Popular Culture
- IMDb: Crusades Search
- NPR: Crusades Dramatization Draws Religious Criticism (May 6, 2005)
Related Searches
Middle Ages | Richard I, the Lionheart | Knights Templar | Saladin | Byzantine Empire | Islam | Christianity | First Siege of Constantinople | Second Siege of Constantinople
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