Guide Note:

Benito Mussolini was the leader of the National Fascist Party and a major proponent of nationalism, corporatism, expansionism, and anti-communism. As a founder of Italian fascism, he used censorship and propaganda to promote his ideology. His National Fascist Party took power after the March on Rome coup d'etat, ousting current prime minister Luigi Facta, and wining the endorsement of King Victor Emmanuel III. He was the Italian Prime Minister from 1922 - 1943. Prominent supporters of the fascist government turned on Mussolini as the Axis powers suffered defeats nearing the close of World War II. Mussolini was executed in 1945, while attempting to escape to Spain.

Fast Facts:

Born: July 29, 1883
Expelled from school twice for attacking other students
Was a journalist and public speaker
Initially opposed Italy's involvement in WWI
AKA: IL Duce
Full name: Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini
Died: April 28, 1945
After death body was hung for public display

Axis Alliance

Mussolini's relationship with Hitler was a contentious one at first. Mussolini disagreed with Hitler's views on race, and did not align himself with the opinions expressed in his autobiography Mein Kampf. However, Italy's desire to for a New Roman Empire aligned with Germany's expansionist plans, so Italy entered into the Pact of Steel Treaty, allying themselves with Nazi Germany.

Categories

History | European History | World War I | World War II

View Note History

Benito Mussolini

The Mahalo Top 7

Wikipedia: Benito Mussolini
BBC History: Benito Mussolini (1883-1945)
More or Less: Benito Mussolini
World Future Fund: "Fascism Doctrine and Institutions" (1932)
LibCom.org: "1931: Michael Schirru and the Attempted Assassination of Mussolini" (2006)
The Italian Campaign: Execution of Mussolini
Modern History Sourcebook: Mussolini: What is Fascism, 1932

Benito Mussolini Background and Profiles

History.com: Key Axis Figures: Benito Mussolini
Comando Supremo: Il Duce
The World at War: Biography of Benito Mussolini
ThinkQuest: Mussolini: Background

Mussolini and Fascism

Wikipedia: Mussolini: Creation of Fascism | Economy of Italy under Fascism, 1922-1943
Socialist Worker Online: The resistible rise of Benito Mussolini and Italy's fascists (2002)
Real Lives: The Real Mussolini
ThinkQuest: Mussolini
BBC News: Mussolini's 'march' on Rome 80 years on (2002)

World War I

Wikipedia: Service in World War I
FirstWorldWar.com: Who's Who - Benito Mussolini

Rome-Berlin Axis

Wikipedia: Axis of Blood and Steel | Axis of Powers of World War II
Battle for Australia: The Rome-Berlin Axis
BBC News: "Italian dictator Benito Mussolini asked the Pope to excommunicate Adolf Hitler.." (2003)
BBC Bitesize: Why did Hitler and Mussolini join forces when they didn't like each other?

World War II

Wikipedia: Benito Mussolini World War II | Military history of Italy during World War II
Learning Curve: Mussolini & Abyssinia
Library of Congress: Ethiopia Country Study

Death

Wikipedia: Benito Mussolini Death
Cornell Institute for Digital Collections: Death of the Father-Mussolini & Fascist Italy
VideoJug.com: Mussolini Executed, 30th April 1945 (Time: 00:56)
BBC: On this Day - Italian partisans kill Mussolini

Benito Mussolini Images and Media

YouTube: Benito Mussolini Best Film Ever (Time: 01:01)
IMDb: Listing of Benito Mussolini Documentaries
Imperial War Museum: Mussolini Images
BBC: Mussolini's museum pieces (2002) | Mussolini's hat... (1998) | The Fiat that failed to save... (1998)
Benito Mussolini in Pictures

Benito Mussolini Books and Research

Amazon.com: Benito Mussolini Book Search
Barnes & Noble: Benito Mussolini Book Search
Google Book Search: Mussolini and the Myth of Rome | Rational Fascism | Mussolini
Anglia Polytechnic University: "Mussolini’s Rivals: The Limits of the Personality Cult in Fascist Italy" (1998)
Questia: A primer of Italian Facism
WW2 People's War: To Die for Mussolini

Benito Mussolini Recent Articles and Blogs

Bodybuilding.com Forum: Hitler, Mussolini, FD Roosevelt: Charismatic Collectivists
Taki's Top Drawer: D’Annunzio, Mussolini, and the Fate of Empires
PublicEye.org: Mussolini and the Corporate State
BBC: Italians Struggle with Mussolini Legacy (2002) | Il Duce Revival (2002)
Autoblog: Mussolini's Alfa on the Auction Block

Benito Mussolini Timeline

July 29, 1883: Born in Forli, Italy
1902: Emigrates to Switzerland
1912: Appointed editor of the socialist journal Avanti and meets Margherita Sarfatti
1914: Expelled from the Socialist party, and resigns from Avanti
1919: Forms Italian Combat Veteran's League Fascism
1921: Wins seat in Parliament
1925: Takes Dictatorship over Italy
1931: Attempted assassination thwarted
1932: Grants asylum to Ante Pavelic
1935: Orders invasion of Ethiopia
1936: Joins with Adolph Hitler in Rome-Berlin Axis
1939: Invades Albania
1943: Deposed, arrested, imprisoned in Ponza, escapes to Munich
April 28, 1945: Shot and killed near Lake Como

Mussolini in Popular Culture

IMDb: Tea with Mussolini (1999)

Benito Mussolini Satire and Humor

YouTube: Mussolini Acts Like an... (Time: 00:17)
The National Archives: "Kicking Hitler and Mussolini "
Snopes.com: Mussolini and On Time Trains

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