Apartheid in South Africa

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The Mahalo Top 7

1. Wikipedia: History of South Africa in the Apartheid era
2. The United Nations: Historical images of Apartheid in South Africa
3. Ten Years On: Background Information On Apartheid
4. Africana: Apartheid In South Africa
5. MSN Encarta: Apartheid
6. Apartheid Museum: Understanding Apartheid
7. Google Video: Apartheid Did Not Die (Time: 51:04)  

Apartheid in South Africa Background and Causes

History Of Apartheid

• Stanford University:History Of Apartheid In South Africa
• Rebirth African Art Gallery: How Apartheid Was Created
• BBC: The Origins Of Apartheid
• African National Congress: Anti Apartheid Movement

Life Under Apartheid

• Wikipedia: Sharpeville Massacre - Promotion Of Bantu Self Government Act
• African National Congress: Federation of South African Women
• New York Times: "In 'South Africa Now,' Daily Life Under Apartheid" (1988)
• Joburg: June 16, 1976

After Apartheid

• NPR: South Africa 10 Years Later
• PBS: 10 Years After Apartheid
• SouthAfrica.info: After Apartheid
• The Economist: "If it happened it wasn't me" (2007)

Apartheid in South Africa Central Figures

Nelson Mandela

• Mahalo's Guide to Nelson Mandela
• MSN Encarta: Nelson Mandela
• Nobel Prize: Nelson Mandela Biography
• Mandelahistory.org: Nelson Mandela: An Audio History

Chief Albert Lutuli

• African National Congress: Speeches And Writings From Albert Lutuli
• Wikipedia: Abert Lutuli
• Southafrica.info: Albert Lutuli: Apartheid Activist

Desmond Tutu

• Mahalo's Guide to Desmond Tutu
• Wikipedia: Opposer Of Apartheid
• Nobel Prize: Desmond Tutu Biography
• Dadalos: Desmond Tutu

Apartheid in South Africa Images and Media

• Google Images: Apartheid In South Africa Images
• Yahoo Images: Apartheid Images
• YouTube: Life Under Apartheid (Time: 4:40)

WGBH: Aggrey Mbere on life under Apartheid

Apartheid in South Africa Books and Research

• Amazon.com: Apartheid In South Africa Book Search
• African National Congress: United Nations Documents On Apartheid
• Best Book Buys: List Of Apartheid Books
• Barnes & Noble.com: Apartheid Books
• Google Book Search: Apartheid
• The Economist: Suggested Reading

Apartheid in South Africa Blogs and Articles

• TIME: "Apartheid By Another Name" (1985)
• Khanya: The legacy of apartheid and the culture of violence
• THe Daily Clog: Berkeley-Made Documentary About South African Apartheid Opens
• Christdot: S. African church has failed to renounce apartheid, meeting told

Apartheid in South Africa Timeline

• 1651: Dutch settlers arrive in South Africa.
• 1700s: Dutch farmers (called Boers) migrate across land inhabited by Bantu and Khoi people.
• 1810s: British missionaries arrive and criticize the racist practises of the Boers.
• 1867: Diamond mining begins in South Africa.
• 1908: A constitutional convention is held to establish South African independence from Britain.
• 1910: The South Africa Act created the Union of South Africa.
• 1912: The African National Congress is formed.
• 1913: The Native Lands Act limited ownership of land by blacks.
• 1920: Blacks are fired from jobs which are given to whites.
• 1936: Representation of Voters Act a process to remove all non-white people from voting.
• 1946: Black mine workers are paid twelve times less than whites.
• 1950: The Population Registration Act required citizens to be classified by race.
• 1951: The Group Areas Act designated races to different residential and business sections.
• 1951: The Bantu Homelands Act made inhabitants of the "black homeland" non citizens of South Africa.
• 1953: The Preservation of Separate Amenities Act enforced segregation of all public facilities.
• 1960: South African Police shot a crowd of black protesters in the Sharpeville Massacre
• 1962: The United Nations establishes the Special Committee Against Apartheid.
• 1963: Nelson Mandela is jailed for sabotage, treason, and violent conspiracy.
• 1970: The all-black South African Students Organization
• 1976: The Soweto uprising, riots between black youths and South African police.
• 1980s: International campaign to boycott South Africa.
• Late 1980s: Countries around the world increasingly pressure South Africa to end its system of apartheid.
• 1991: South Africa President F.W. de Klerk repeals the rest of the apartheid laws.
• 1993: A multiracial, multiparty transitional government is approved.
• 1994: Elections are held.

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